Acids, Bases
and Salts
Answers
Answer:
Equations of Acids, Bases and Salts:
Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas H 2 SO 4 + Zn → ZnSO 4 + H 2
Base + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas 2NaOH + Zn → Na 2 ZnO 2 (Sodium zincate) + H 2
Base + Acid → Salt + Water NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H 2 O (l)
Acids give hydronium ions in water HCl + H 2 O → H 3 O + + Cl –
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Answer- The above question is from the chapter 'Acids, Bases and Salts'.
Let's know about acids, bases and salts first.
Acids: These are substances in which taste sour. They contain H⁺ ions.
Example: HCl, H₂SO₄, H₂CO₃, etc.
Strong acids have more H⁺ (aq) ions than weak acids.
Strong acids are HCl, H₂SO₄, HNO₃, etc.
Weak acids are H₂CO₃, H₃PO₄, etc.
Acids have pH less than 7.
Bases: These are substances in which taste bitter. They contain OH⁻ ions.
Example: KOH, NaOH, Ca(OH)₂, Mg(OH)₂ etc.
Strong bases have more OH⁻ (aq) ions than weak bases.
Strong bases are KOH, NaOH, Ca(OH)₂, etc.
Weak bases are Mg(OH)₂, NH₄OH, etc.
Bases have pH more than 7.
Neutralisation Reaction: When a strong acid and a strong base react with each other, they form salt and water.
This salt has a pH = 7.
Example: NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H₂O
Strong Acid + Weak Base → Acidic Salt + Water
Strong Base + Weak Salt → Basic Salt + Water