Acknowledgment about tsunami project near about one page?
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For other uses, see Tsunami (disambiguation) and Tidal wave.
This article is about disturbances in bodies of water that are sometimes called "seismic sea waves". For the radiated energy that earthquakes generate, see Seismic wave.
The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami at Ao Nang, Krabi Province, Thailand
A tsunami (from Japanese: 津波, lit. 'harbour wave';[1] English pronunciation: /suːˈnɑːmi/soo-NAH-mee[2] or /tsuːˈnɑːmi/[3]) or tidal wave,[4], also known as a seismic sea wave, is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations, landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impactsand other disturbances) above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami.[5]Unlike normal ocean waves, which are generated by wind, or tides, which are generated by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun, a tsunami is generated by the displacement of water.
Tsunami waves do not resemble normal undersea currents or sea waves because their wavelength is far longer.[6] Rather than appearing as a breaking wave, a tsunami may instead initially resemble a rapidly rising tide.[7] For this reason, it is often referred to as a "tidal wave", although this usage is not favoured by the scientific community because it might give the false impression of a causal relationship between tides and tsunamis.[8]Tsunamis generally consist of a series of waves, with periods ranging from minutes to hours, arriving in a so-called "internal wave train".[9] Wave heights of tens of metres can be generated by large events. Although the impact of tsunamis is limited to coastal areas, their destructive power can be enormous, and they can affect entire ocean basins. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was among the deadliest natural disasters in human history, with at least 230,000 people killed or missing in 14 countries bordering the Indian Ocean.
The Ancient Greek historian Thucydidessuggested in his 5th century BC History of the Peloponnesian War that tsunamis were related to submarine earthquakes,[10][11] but the understanding of tsunamis remained slim until the 20th century and much remains unknown. Major areas of current research include determining why some large earthquakes do not generate tsunamis while other smaller ones do; accurately forecasting the passage of tsunamis across the oceans; and forecasting how tsunami waves interact with shorelines.
Answer:
The ISDR secretariat gratefully acknowledges the financial contributions by the Governments of Finland,
Germany, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office
(ECHO) for the project.
The ISDR secretariat extends special thanks to the United Nations Office for Coordination of
Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA), the UN Flash Appeal coordinator, and 16 implementing partners,
namely the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) India and Sri Lanka Offices, the United
Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia
and the Pacific (UNESCAP), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO) Jakarta Office, the UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO/IOC),
the United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS), the United Nations University Institute for
Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the All
India Disaster Mitigation Institute (AIDMI), the Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union (ABU), the Asian
Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC), the Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre (ADPC), the Centre for
Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), Sustainable Environment and Ecological
Development Society (SEEDS) and the University of Geneva.
The ISDR secretariat extends gratitude to a total of more than 50 international, regional, national and local
collaborating institutions and the governments of 28 member countries of the UNESCO/IOC for the Indian
Ocean region, namely Australia, Bangladesh, Comoros, Djibouti, France, India, Indonesia, Islamic
Republic of Iran, Kenya, Madagascar, Maldives, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mozambique, Myanmar, Oman,
Pakistan, Seychelles, Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor Leste,
United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom and Yemen. The objectives of this project would not have been
achieved without the cooperation of these collaborating partners.
This report was compiled by the UN/ISDR Platform for the Promotion of Early Warning based on the final
reports of the above-mentioned 16 direct implementing partners. The editorial and report production team
was comprised of Yoko Hagiwara, Stefanie Dannenmann and Sandra Amlang. The report has been
reviewed by the implementing partners and by ISDR staff members in Bangkok, Geneva, New York and
Nairobi.