Question

Activation of fatty acids in beta oxidation

Answer 1

Answer:

In biochemistry and metabolism, beta-oxidation is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down[1] in the cytosol in prokaryotes and in the mitochondria in eukaryotes to generate acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle, and NADH and FADH2, which are co-enzymes used in the electron transport chain. It is named as such because the beta carbon of the fatty acid undergoes oxidation to a carbonyl group. Beta-oxidation is primarily facilitated by the mitochondrial trifunctional protein, an enzyme complex associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane, although very long chain fatty acids are oxidized in peroxisomes

Explanation:

Answer 2

Activation of fatty acids in beta-oxidation gives cleaved CoA.

Explanation:

• A Fatty acid is a carboxylic acid that can have an aliphatic saturated or unsaturated chain.

• They are components with 70% lipids.

• They may be classified in many ways, saturation versus unsaturations, linear vs branched.

• They provide highly efficient energy storage.

• They help in delivering energy through glucose.

• In tissues with high energy needs, fatty acids are broken and are used to generate ATP.

• In beta-oxidation of fatty acid long-chain fatty acyl CoA molecules, fatty acids are broken into acetyl CoA molecules.

Beta oxidation takes place in the following steps :

1. Dehydrogenation reaction takes place by catalyzed reactions by acyl CoA dehydrogenase, which removes two hydrogens between carbons.
2. Hydration is carried by enoyl-CoA hydratase, this step adds water across the double bond.
3. dehydrogenation takes place which is catalysed by 3-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
4. Thiolytic cleavage is catalyzed by beta- ketothiolase, here the terminal acetyl CoA group is cleaved and which forms a new acyl CoA
5. The cleaved CoA then enters the beta-oxidation pathway