activity: imagine you are a resident of delhi during the reign of Muhammed- bin- Tughluq and u have been forced to shift to Dualatabad. write about your feelings in a diary entry..............
Answers
OK .Originally Answered: Why did Muhammad bin Tughluq change capitals from Dehli to Daulatabad, and what was the impact of this change?
Mainly because, like his predecessors Mohummad Tughlaq too faced the threat of Mongol Invasion. However previously rulers such as Alaudin Khilji had garrissoned the city aka siri fort and strengthened the army. This needed increased tax collection which was done by taxing the peasantry at almost 50 percent the produce.
However in the case of Md Tughlaq instead of creating a new fortification against the mongols. He asked the resident of old city Dilli-i-kuha to move to new place ie Daulatagir and let the army take refuge in their place in the old city. This meant two things. Firstly that the capital of the empire would be a lot more distant geographically thus saving his capital from recurring Mongol raids, the move would cement his control over the rich fertile lands of the Deccan and ensure access to the busy ports on the Gujarat and the Coromandel coast.
While there was nothing fundamentally wrong with Tughlaq’s pragmatic decision, his blunder lay in ordering the entire population of Delhi to move to the new capital (instead of just shifting his official court). Despite the many arrangements that were made for the convenience of the travellers, the suffering of the people was terrible and many people died on the way.
However, no sooner had the Sultan reached Daulatabad when trouble broke out in Bengal as well as on the northwestern frontier. Tughlaq realized that while his new capital was distant enough to be safe from
Muhammad bin Tughlaq or the 'wise fool' changed his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad for the following reasons
As the Deccan was very far from Delhi and he wanted to strengthen his control over the Deccan.
He wanted to save himself from the threat of Mongol invasion from North west India
An interesting theory by Ibn e Batuta states that MBT did not like his life in Delhi as he got threatening letters from people in Delhi, criticising his rule. So he wanted to lay waste to Delhi and punish the people who were threatening him. Though this theory is not accepted by later historians, it still is interesting.
He chose Daulatabad which was approximately equidistant from both, the northern and southern extremes of his empire and then all of Delhi was ordered to leave for the new capital.
The 1500 km shift took place in the sweltering summer. For the benefit of the travellers MBT provided rest houses on the way but many people died on the way. Many others felt homesick as they missed their age old homeland.
Few years later, MBT decided to scrap the plan and decided to move back to Delhi as he found that it was difficult to control the north from Daulatabad. Once again the whole population was told to shift back to Delhi.
Akhon Tariq Abdullah, A life long student of History and a big time History Enthusiast
Originally Answered: Why did Muhammad bin Tughluq change capitals from Dehli to Daulatabad, and what was the impact of this change?
There are several reasons. However, two of the most cited reasons are :
In those times, if the capital city was conquered, it was implied that prior king was defeated. The Centre was hence not defeating the king but conquering the capital which was Delhi. Many of the other rulers constantly used to try to conquer Delhi. To break this norm, he shifted his capital away from Delhi, leaving Delhi fully deserted. He didn't even allow domesticated animals to be kept back. Everything and everyone was moved, leaving the city barren.
The new capital was more at the Centre of his kingdom than Delhi so he thought it'd be easier for him to rule
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