Question

Adaptations in plants to reduce excessive rate of transpiration.​

Answer 1

Answer:

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There are many modifications to leaves that reduce transpiration, or water loss through leaves, especially on plants in arid regions. These include waxy surfaces such as on Aloe or a thick covering of hairs (pubescence) like a fur coat, as on Asclepias (Milkweed) or Verbascum (Mullein). Another adaptation is a severe reduction in the number of stomata on the leaves, a stoma, being the open pores through which water, a by-product of photosynthesis escapes, another is the ability to close the stoma completely by means of two kidney-shaped cells on either side of each stoma on the surface of the leaves. When they expand, together the pore is totally closed, conserving water. Another example is found in Ocotilla in the North American Sonoran desert (Fouquieria), a heavily spined, many tall stemmed shrub bearing red flowers at the stem tips in the Spring seasons if it rains, at the same time the leaves appear. When the dry season starts the leaves with their water-losing stomata simply drop off, and photosynthesis is carried on in the green bark of the stems.

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Answer 2

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Many plants, especially xerophytic plants, adapt the following features to reduce excessive rate of transpiration:

1. Presence of thick cuticle or multiple layers of epidermis reduce the rate of transpiration. For example, Banyan tree.

2. Sometimes there may be present on leaves cutinized hairs or waxy scales. These reduce transpiration.

3. Fewer stomata also reduce the rate of transpiration.

4. In many xerophytic plants, stomata may be few in number and remain sunken in pits.

5. Sometimes the leaves may become narrower or the leaves may be modified into spines (for e.g.., cactus) to reduce transpiration.

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