Question

Adapted from a description by John Newton of conditions on the Middle Passage,
written in 1788. Newton was an English vicar and abolitionist. In his younger life he was
captain of a slave ship.
The slaves were laid in rows so that as little space as possible might be lost. The poor
creatures were cramped and in irons (chains), usually on both hands and feet which
makes it difficult for them to move without hurting themselves. When the weather
allows, the slaves are brought on deck. Often the weather is not good so they are kept
below deck, to breathe hot and polluted air. Depression quickly seizes their spirits. Fevers
and flu often break out. Nearly half the slaves on board sometimes die, and the loss of a
third of the slaves is not unusual.


Question: Write 2 evidence from the above source, which explains the terrible conditions
experienced by the slaves during the slave trade, on the middle passage.

Answer 1

Answer:

question 2:

HOMEPOLITICS, LAW & GOVERNMENTBANKING & BUSINESS

Middle Passage

SLAVE TRADE

WRITTEN BY: 

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

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Alternative Title: Atlantic Passage

Middle Passage, the forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the New World. It was one leg of the triangular trade route that took goods (such as knives, guns, ammunition, cotton cloth, tools, and brass dishes) from Europe to Africa, Africans to work as slaves in the Americas and West Indies, and items, mostly raw materials, produced on the plantations (sugar, rice, tobacco, indigo, rum, and cotton) back to Europe. From about 1518 to the mid-19th century, millions of African men, women, and children made the 21-to-90-day voyage aboard grossly overcrowded sailing ships manned by crews mostly from Great Britain, the Netherlands, Portugal, and France.

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