Question

adaptive features & corona activity​

Answer 1

Key amino acids in the SARS coronavirus spike protein and the receptor protein that determine the host range of the virus.

(A) There is a large binding interface between a loop structure in the spike protein of the human SARS coronavirus of 2002-2003 and its human receptor ACE2.

(B) Two amino acid substitutions in the spike protein of a civet SARS virus reduce receptor activity of human ACE2 by adding a charge to the binding surface (N479K) and deleting a key methyl group (T487S) that fits into a hydrophobic pocket in the receptor.

(C) In the spike protein from coronavirus of a mild SARS case from 2003-2004, the key methyl group is also missing and a proline residue (L472P) reduces the binding surface.

(D) Rat ACE2 contains a large glycan at M82N and lacks the hydrophobic pocket (K353H).

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