Question

ADH exercises its action on which part of the nephron​

Answer 1

Answer:

ADH principally exerts its effects by binding to principle cells within the late distal tubule and collecting ducts.

Explanation:

ADH binds to the V receptor on these cells, which is coupled to G. This ligation event leads to G activation of adenylate cyclase which causes a subsequent increase in the second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP). cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), a phosphorylating enzyme that initiates an intracellular phosphorylation cascade. Ultimately, intracellular aquaporin-2 (AQP2) storage vesicles are phosphorylated, which promotes their movement and insertion into the apical membrane. AQP2 is a water channel that allows water to move passively into the cell guided by the osmotic gradient established by NaCl and urea, and thus promotes reabsorption of water in the kidney. This creates concentrated, or hyperosmotic, urine and allows our body to conserve water in times of dehydration or loss of effective blood volume as seen in hemorrhagic or edematous states.

Answer 2

Answer: ADH acts in the kidney to regulate the volume and osmolarity of the urine. Specifically, it acts in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts cells.

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