Administration of sher shah
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Answer:
a short span of five years (1540-45), during which Sher Shah extended his rule over the large part of the Northern India, he left a name which the later generations have honored as that of a great administrator and a just ruler.
The administration of Sher Shah was on the same pattern as was established by the Sultans of Delhi. All powers were vested in the king. He was the chief executive, legislator, judge and the commander-in-chief of the army rolled into one. Besides, he was a firm ruler and took keen interest in day to day affairs of the state.
Administrative Heads
Sher Shah was assisted by the heads of the civil, military and ecclesiastical departments. The Vakil functioned as the chief secretary; the Vazir was in-charge of public finance and accounts; and a `private secretary’ looked after records, received reports from news writers and spies and drafted royal orders. A military secretary headed the army department, whereas the artillery was headed by the Mir-i-Atish.
Sher Shah instructed his administrator and commanders to keep him regularly informed about the progress of their work. He posted his own independent agents and spies all over his kingdom. Their duty was to keep him posted with whatever they found affected Imperial interests.
Sher Shah also organised an efficient system of postal messengers. The horses were provided to them in most cases. Change of horses was also provided to them at convenient posts throughout his empire.. At posts, free meals were provided for Hindus and Muslims alike as a part of royal charities.
Units of Administration
The empire was divided, first into 47 and later on into 50 large units of administration. These administrative units were smaller than provinces but larger than districts, somewhat like the Commissioner’s Divisions of today. These administrators conducted all civil and military functions in their persons. They had large garrison forces under their command, very often distributed in various important places under their charge. The units of administration in Sher Shah’s time may be said to be, in ascending order, the village, pargana, sarkar, (shiq), and may be subah.
Revenue Administration
The administrators, their staff and the forces under their command seem to have been paid by assignment of the revenue of parts of the areas administered by them.
Land revenue formed of the chief source of the state-income. But custom duties, sales tax, excise tax, additional cesses on land, cattle-tax, grazing tax, professional tax on some industries and ferry dues also added to the state’s revenues. Some income was also derived from some of the industrial and commercial undertakings of the state. Hindus paid the jazia also. This was levied on all the able-bodied adult male Hindus
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The Sultan
Sher Shah paid due respect to the sentiments and traditions of the Afghans with a view to win their respect and loyalty.