Question

Advantage and disadvantage of low shear granulation??

Answer 1

Explanation:

Advantages

Improves the flow properties of materials

Improves material compression and densification

Easy to obtain a homogenous mixture – essential for low dose products / low drug loading

Reduces in process air pollution due to liquid addition, preventing dust

Reduces generation of static charge

Disadvantages

Possible loss of material due to multi steps

Initial installation can be expensive and require lot of space

Complex process that can be difficult to control

For moisture / heat sensitive materials it can cause instability

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Answer 2

Explanation:

Low shear granulation, which is a form of wet granulation, is an important unit operation in the pharmaceutical, detergent and food industries. The granulation mechanisms for wet granulation include wetting and nucleation, consolidation and growth and attrition and breakage. In an experimental study the influence of process parameters on the low shear granulation was investigated using lactose and starch as model pharmaceutical powders and CMC solution as a model binder. Four parameters: binder viscosity; binder content; ratio of starch to lactose; and shear rate, were investigated at granulation times of 1 and 12 min using a factorial design technique. The data indicated that increased mass mean diameter and was found using higher viscosity binders and high liquid-solid ratio. In general, lower mass mean diameters were found at longer granulation times, which may suggest that granule breakage has a significant influence on this particular low shear agglomeration process. Moreover, three different size ranges of granules taken from the low shear granulation processes under various processing conditions were subsequently pressed into tablets using tablet press. Standard pharmaceutical hardness and disintegration analyses were performed on the tablets. These analyses indicated that the formulation (i.e., starch–lactose and liquid–solid ratios) rather than granulation process parameters had a stronger influence on the mechanical properties of the tablets.