Question

Advantage and disadvantage of proto industrilization

Answer 1

Proto-industrialisation (also spelled proto-industrialization) is a phase in the development of modern industrial economies that preceded, and created conditions for, the establishment of fully industrial societies. Proto-industrialization was marked by the increasing involvement of agrarian families in market-oriented craft production, mainly through the putting-out system organized by merchant capitalists. It was a decentralised method of production which was controlled by merchants .

Answer 2

Answer:

Explanation:

The earlier phase of industrialisation in which large scale production was carried out for international market not at factories but in decentralised units.

(i) Huge demand : The world trade expanded at a very fast rate during the 17th and the 18th centuries. The acquisition of colonies

was also responsible for the increase in demand. The town producers failed to produce the required quantity.

(ii) Powerful town producers :

• The town producers were very powerful,

• The producers could not expand the production a: will. This was because in the towns, urban crafts and trade guilds were powerful. These were associations of producers that trained craftspeople, maintained control over production, regulated competition and prices, and restricted the entry of new people within the trade.

(iii) Monopoly rights : The rulers granted different guilds the monopoly right to produce and trade in specific products It was therefore difficult for new merchants to set up business in towns. So they turned to the countryside.

(iv) New economic situation in the countryside : Open fields were disappearing in the countryside and the commons were being enclosed. Cottagers and poor peasants who were earlier depended on common lands became jobless So when merchants came around and offered advances to produce, peasants households eagerly agreed.