Advantage and disadvantages of environmental biotechnology
Answers
A solution to the world's growing need for food: It is estimated that by 2050, the world will need at least 70% more food. By using Environmental Biotechnology, the productivity of crops has already increased, meeting the nutrition needs of our growing population. An example of this technology could be drought resistant crops. Environmental Biotechnology aims to provide a more sustainable method of farming and agriculture.
-A solution to the environmental impact of agriculture: Agriculture has a generally negative impact on the environment, through greenhouse gases and the land that it takes up. Environmental Biotechnology is not only looking for a more sustainable way to feed our population, but also a cleaner way to grow and cultivate this food, decreasing the environmental impact.
-Benefits to the environment: Conservation tillage, a technology introduced through Environmental Biotechnology that allows farmers to plant seeds without having to till the soil (therefore not disturbing the organisms within the soil), resulted in 21.1 billion kg less of CO2 being released into the air in 2011. This is equivalent to 9.4 million less cars on the road.
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Disadvantages and Ethical Issues
-The involvement of humans: Whether we like it or not, humans will be involved in research surrounding Environmental Biotechnology. The level to which this could be an ethical concern depends on if consent was given and if there is potential harm caused from the research.
-Animal Experimentation: There is no doubt that animals, just as humans do, experience pain and suffering. As a general rule, the harm done to the individuals of the experiment should be logically justified by the benefits that the results bring to society in general. Going further, when dealing with Environmental Biotechnology, tests run on animals to benefit the same species in the wild might be more justifiable ethically than tests run to benefit humans.
-Risks to Environment and Biodiversity: Like any experiment, there will most likely be risks to the test subjects; which is, in this case, our environment. When considering ethics, the risks of the experiment must be taken into consideration, weighed against the benefits. An example of an environmental risk is the possible introduction of invasive species to the territory in question. Is it worth the pain to put our environment at risk?
-Exploitation: Environmental Biotechnology is often put into question because it may be considered an exploitation of Aboriginal people and knowledge (specifically the Aboriginal people who claim the territory in question as their own).
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