advantages and disadvantages for british in mahalwari settlements
Answers
This system was devised by Holt Mackenzie in 1822.Under this system the revenue was collected from the village , generated from the village land which was collectively owned by the village community.The village headman was responsiblefor collecting revenue who then paid it to the company collectorsThe system was introduced in North Western frontier provinces of the Bengal Presidency.
• Advantages:
a.The amount of revenue was not fixed.
b.The amount was revised periodically depending on the net produce.
• Disadvantages:
a.The amount of revenue was too high burdening the villagers.
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a. Advantage-: the aim of the Permanent Settlement was to stabilise the income of the government.
The governmental income was not only stabilized but it was also sure of the amount of its yearly income. On the basis of the income the government could prepare the yearly budget.
b. Disadvantages:
In ultimate analysis the Permanent Settlement adversely affected the interests of the government. As the settlement was made on a permanent basis there was no scope for revision of the amount of revenue by the government.
,in return for a fixed government demand the zamindars were deprived of many powers & privileges enjoyed by them previously. Thirdly, the Permanent Settlement required the payment of the yearly revenue by the' zamindar on or before the sun-set of a particular day.
Failure to pay the money deprived the zamindar of his estates. Owing to the stringent sun-set laws many of the traditional zamindars lost their estates within a very short time of the operation of the Permanent Settlement. Fourthly , the Permanent Settlement totally ignored the interests of the ryots or tenants.
Since the zamindars now became the owners of land oppression of the ryots by zamindars increased manifold.