advantages and disadvantages of volcanic eruption
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Answer:
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Explanation:
When a volcano erupts it throws out a lot of ash. At short notice this ash can be very harmful to the environment, but on the long term the ash layer, which contains many useful minerals, will be converted to a very fertile soil. Nearly everywhere volcanoes are located people use the rich soil for farming.
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Volcanic eruptions have both constructive and destructive effects.
Volcanic eruptions are termed as constructive forces which have a number of constructive effects on the surface of the earth.
LANDFORMS: Numerous landforms are formed from the cooling and the solidification of magma below the earth surface and lava on the earth’s surface.The landforms which are created on the surface of the earth are called Extrusive landforms.These include lava plateaus,lava mountains and volcanic pains.
Volcanic plateau-- These are derived from the lava which flows on the plateau.The Plateau of Peninsular Deccan, especially north western Deccan is an example of lava plateau.Other examples are South African plateau, Columbian plateau and Ethiopian Plateau.
Volcanic Mountains-- These mountains are built from the materials ejected from the earth's Volcanic eruptions are the most diverse because there are great differences in volcanic eruptions as well as the materials they throw up.Mount Loa in Hawaii rises to 9km from the ocean floor. Some examples of the volcanic mountains are Mt Fuji (Japan),Mt Mayon(Phillipines),Mt Merapi (Sumatra,),Mt.Agung(Bali) and Mt Cotopaxi (Ecuador).
Volcanic Plains: These plains are formed from the extensive flooding of the volcanic centres. The Victorian plains in Victoria, Australia are the finest examples of volcanic plateau. The plains are formed over six million years with the the most recent eruption being the Napier about 7200,years ago.Over 400 volcanic sites have been found in this region.
Caldera--During repeated eruptions,the summit of a volcano may get blown up. In this place,a large depression known as caldera is formed . They are generally formed when the magma chamber is not able to emit sufficient magma and this results in the collapse of the cone partly or wholly.The Crater Lake in the USA is an example of a Caldera lake. It is about 10km wide and is the deepest lake if USA.
Hot waters or Springs-- The movement of magma in the interior of the earth heats up the underground water, particularly the magma chambers.
When water turns into steam it gushes to the surface. Hot springs also called thermal springs contain dissolved minerals. Since hot springs are a rich source of sulphur,they are good for health specially for curing skin diseases.Sulphir hot springs are found at Kullu valley in Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh.
Geyser— A geyser is a fountain of hot water or steam that escapes when underground water comes in contact with hot volcanic rocks. For example Old fountain geyser found in the Yellowstone National Park in the USA. During this eruption,the water temperature in the vent has reached upto 95.6°.
Besides the above effects, the other effects are:
The lava and ash deposited by a volcano breaks down to provide nutrients for the soil which makes the soil fertile and good for agriculture.
The places that have high level of heat due to volcanic activity have a higher potential of generating geothermal energy.
The dramatic scenery created by volcanic eruptions attract tourists.This brings income to the area.
The destructive effects of the volcanoes are as follows.
When volcanoes erupt , they destroy life and property.The hot lava together with ash destroys not only human beings but also plant as well as animal life.
Agricultural fields are covered with layers of volcanic ash and dust making them unsuitable for cultivation.
Huge clouds are formed as a result of volcanic eruptions which cause rainfall resulting in landslides.
Volcanoes also emit poisonous gases which pollute the environment and cause health problems.
Explosive volcanoes in oceans followed by high tsunami waves destroy people,animal and crops.
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