Question

Advantages of microprogramming control over hardwired control

Answer 1

What are the advantages and disadvantages of microprogrammed control unit comparedto hardwired control unit? Explain why hardwired control unit is usually used for RISCand microprogrammed control unit for CISC architectures.Advantages:-The decoders and sequencing logic unit of a micro-programmed control unit are verysimple pieces of logic, compared to the hardwired control unit, which contains complexlogic for sequencing through the many micro-operations of the instruction cycle. Itsimplifies the design of the control unit. Simpler design means the control unit ischeaper and less error-prone to implement-It is also flexible as changes could be easily made to the designPrincipal Disadvantage:-Slower than a hardwired unit of comparable technologyHardwired control unit is used for RISC Architecture because hardwired is faster and canimprove the performanceMicroprogrammed control unit is used for CISC because it makes the design simpler andusually in CISC architecture, due to huge number of instructions in the instruction set, thecontrol unit is quite complex. Hence it justifies using microprogrammed control unit.4.A processor has 16 registers, an ALU with 16 logic and 16 arithmetic functions, and ashifter with 8 operations, all connected by an internal processor bus. Design amicroinstruction format to specify the various micro-operations for the processor.A 20-bit format consisting of the following fields:A1 (4 bits):specify register to act as one of the inputs to ALUA2 (4 bits):specify register the other ALU inputA3 (4 bits):specify register to store ALU resultAF (5 bits):specify ALU functionSH (3 bits):specify shift functionIn addition, an address field for sequencing is needed.

Answer 2

Advantages of microprogramming:

• A software approach is known as microprogramming.
• It can translate the program into process of one and zero.  
• Microprogramming is very flexible.  
• The instruction set of microprogramming is very robust as well as simple.
• If the hardware is not delivering on that case such as a complicated instruction set, we can generate it in microcode.  
• These days microprogramming is used in many of the devices.  
• It is a writable control store.

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