advantages of pipeline transport??
Answers
Answer:
The main advantages of pipeline transportation can be summarized as follows:
(1) Large volume.
An oil pipeline can continue to complete the delivery task. Depending on the size of its diameter, its annual traffic up to several million tons to tens of millions of tons, or even more than 100 million tons.
(2) Small footprint.
Transport pipelines are often buried underground and occupy very little land; the construction of transport systems proves that the buried part of the pipeline is more than 95% of the total length of the pipeline, so the permanent occupation of the land is very small, 3% of the highway, about 10% of the railway, in the transportation planning system, give priority to pipeline transportation program, for the conservation of land resources, is of great significance.
(3) Pipeline transportation construction period is short and low cost.
A large number of domestic and foreign transportation system construction practice proved that the pipeline transportation system construction period and the same volume of the railway construction period compared to the general short of 1/3 or more. Historically, China's construction of Daqing to Qinhuangdao length of 1,152 kilometers of oil pipeline, only 23 months, and to build a railway with the same volume of traffic, at least three years, Xinjiang to Shanghai, the whole 4,200 km long natural gas pipeline, the expected construction period will not exceed 2 years, but if the same volume of the new railway line, the construction period of 3 years or more, especially geological and climatic conditions and relatively poor conditions, large-scale construction The railway will be more difficult, the cycle will be longer, the statistics show that the cost of pipeline construction is about 60% lower than the railway.
(4) Pipeline transportation safe and reliable, continuous strong.
As the oil and natural gas is flammable, explosive, volatile, easy to leak, the use of pipeline transportation, both safe and can greatly reduce the volatile loss, while leakage due to air, water and soil pollution can be greatly reduced, that is to say , Pipeline transportation can better meet the transport engineering green requirements, in addition, because the pipeline is basically buried in the ground, its transport process harsh and changeable weather conditions affect small, can ensure long-term stable operation of the transport system.
(5) Pipeline transportation with less energy consumption, low cost and good benefits.
Developed countries use pipeline transportation of oil, less than one ton of energy consumption per kilometer of railway 1/7, in a large number of transportation costs and water transport close, so in anhydrous conditions, the use of pipeline transportation is one of the most energy-efficient mode of transport . The theoretical analysis and practical experience have proved that the larger the pipe diameter, the farther the transportation distance, the greater the transportation volume, the more the transportation cost will be, the higher the transportation cost is, the higher the transportation cost is. Low, to transport oil, for example, pipeline transportation, water transport, rail transport transport costs ratio of 1: 1: 1.7.
The four advantages of pipelines transportation are:
- Both solid (when converted into slurry) liquid and gases can be transported through pipelines.
- Initial cost of laying pipelines is high but subsequent runing costs are minimal.
- Trans-shipment of losses and delays are minimum.
- It is economical to transport petroleum, natural gas, ferlilizers to interior places.