African American musicians in the 1950s faced a dilemma
regarding classical music. A cosmopolitan display of knowledge about modern classical music enabled artists such as Duke Ellington to counter misconceptions that jazz musicians were untutored. Yet jazz musicians interest in classical music was often taken as an admission that jazz innovations were derived from European sources. After Charlie Parker expressed admiration for Bartok, an interviewer asked if Parker's musical innovations were adaptations of classical predecessors' ideas. Often, comparisons with modern European composers connected jazz to the presumed superior standards of classical music without recognizing that jazz articulated its own musical vision by developing expressive and improvisational principles rooted in a wide variety of African American musics--that challenged the hegemony of European standards in American music.
The author mentions Bartók primarily in order to?
emphasize the cosmopolitanism of some African American musicians
contrast innovations in jazz with innovations in classical music
highlight a jazz musician's interest in modern classical music
provide an example of a presumption about jazz
note a European influence on American jazz musicians
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