African American musicians in the 1950s faced a dilemma regarding classical music. A cosmopolitan display of knowledge about modern classical music enabled artists such as Duke Ellington to counter misconceptions that jazz musicians were untutored. Yet jazz musicians interest in classical music was often taken as an admission that jazz innovations were derived from European sources. After Charlie Parker expressed admiration for Bartok, an interviewer asked if Parker's musical innovations were adaptations of classical predecessors' ideas. Often, comparisons with modern European composers connected jazz to the presumed superior standards of classical music without recognizing that jazz articulated its own musical vision by developing expressive and improvisational principles rooted in a wide variety of African American musics--that challenged the hegemony of European standards in American music.
The author mentions Bartók primarily in order to?
emphasize the cosmopolitanism of some African American musicians
contrast innovations in jazz with innovations in classical music
highlight a jazz musician's interest in modern classical music
provide an example of a presumption about jazz
note a European influence on American jazz musicians
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Answer:
emphasize the cosmopolitanism of some African American musicians. contrast innovations in jazz with innovations in classical music. highlight a jazz musician's interest in modern classical music.
Call and response is common in modern Western popular music. Cross-over rhythm and blues, rock 'n' roll and rock music exhibit call-and-response characteristics, as well.
Although Jazz and Classical music are different in many ways, they do have common traits. ... Classical music is almost always written with fixed compositions, while Jazz favors improvisation and individual interpretation. Classical is composer driven; jazz is performer driven.
Rock, R&B, Hip-hop, Pop and other genres have been influenced by Jazz. Jazz rhythms and harmonies have been featured in styles of music that produce a sway rhythm, like R&B or Latin styled tunes. Jazz has contributed a great deal to the style of Hip-hop music.
In other words, a presumption is a rule that allows a court to assume a fact is true unless there is evidence to prove otherwise. An example of presumption is the legal conclusion that a person who has disappeared, and with whom no one has made contact in seven years, is most likely dead.
The earliest jazz was not written down but rather passed on aurally among the musicians of New Orleans. This great seaport near the mouth of the Mississippi River was a bouillabaisse of African American, Anglo American, French, German, Italian, Mexican, Caribbean, and American Indian musical influences.
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