Question

After all we framed the constitution........Of 1935 because we thought it the best way...To hold india to the empire?

Answer 1

rooted in the principles of self-selection subject to financing constraints. Secondly,

EGS has been touted as an employment oriented approach to anti-poverty, policy-

making such a guarantee alone has never implied universal elimination of

unemployment. The effectiveness of EGS can be gauged is the ease of access to such

programs. Lastly, employment guarantees have also been credited for their potential

to induce positive labor market responses by improving the bargaining strength of

workers. The usefulness of an EGS also depends on the extent to which the

introduction of such contestability matters. Naturally, this final dimension of an EGS

becomes relevant particularly in an imperfectly competitive labor market and should

be expected to have no efficiency enhancing impact when a perfectly competitive

framework is the relevant starting point. What is important to note is that in both rural

and urban labor markets, there is evidence of market outcomes consistent with

imperfect competition and market power (Manning 2005). Once these three

individual building blocks of an EGS are spelled out, the question of a need for an

official commitment to employment guarantees acquires added meaning.

Ambasta and Shah (2008) expressed, Poverty alleviation programmes have

been designed from time to time to enlarge the income-earning opportunities for the

poor. These programmes are broadly classified into:

a) Self-employment programmes

Creating self-employment opportunities began with the introduction of the

IRDP in 1978-79, TRYSEM (1979), DWCRA (1982-83), supply of improved toolkits

to rural artisans (1992) and the Ganga Kalyan Yojana (1996-1997). To remove

conceptual and operational problems in the implementation of these programmes, a

holistic programme covering all aspects of self-employment such as organisation of

the poor into SHGs, training, credit, technology, infrastructure and marketing called

Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY), was started on April 1, 1999. Based