Question

after the death of guru gobind singh, the institution of guruship came to an end and the leadership of the sikhs passed to his trusted disciple

Answer 1

after the death of guru gobind singh, the institution of guruship came to an end and the leadership of the Sikhs passed to his trusted disciple Banda Singh, who is more widely known as Banda Bahadur. Banda rallied together the Sikh peasants of the Punjab and carried on a vigorous though unequal struggle against the Mughal army for eight years. He was captured in 1715 and put to death. His death gave a set-back to the territorial ambitions of the Sikhs, and their power declined. The invasions of Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali and the consequent dislocation of Pui\jab administration gave the Sikhs an opportunity to rise once again. In the wake of the marches of the invaders‟ armies, they plundered alland sundry and gained wealth and military power. With the withdrawal of Abdali from the Punjab, they began to fill the political vacuum. Between 1765 and 1800 they brought the Punjab and Jammu under their control. The Sikhs were organised into 12 millsor confederacies which operated in different parts of the province. These mislsfully cooperated with each other. They were originally based on the principle of equality, with all members having an equal voice in deciding the affairs of a misland in electing its chief and other officers. Gradually the democratic character of the mislsdisappeared and powerftil chiefs.

Answer 2

After Guru Gobind Singh's death the institution of Guruship came to an end and the leadership of the Sikhs passed to his trusted disciple Banda Singh Bahadur.

Explanation:

• Banda Singh Bahadur was a Sikh warrior & a commander of Khalsa army. He had come to Khanda in Sonipet,  & had brought together a military force to fight against the Mughal Empire. His first major operation in November 1709 was the sacking of the regional capital of the Mughal, Samana. Since creating his Khalsa rule at Punjab, Banda Singh Bahadur had abolished the zamindari regime & had given "property rights" to the land tiller.
• Banda Singh had rallied together the lower castes & peasants of the  Punjab from "Delhi to Lahore"  and had undertaken a vigorous "unequal struggle" against the army of Mughal of almost 8  years
• However in the year 1715 he was captured and put to death. There many reasons for his failure. One, the Mughal army was very strong and second the upper castes & classes of the Punjab had joined forced against Band Singh Bahadur because of his campaign for the rural poor & the lower castes

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