Question

after the decline of non cooperation and khilafat movement , a large section of Muslims felt alienated from congress. Analyse the statement.

Answer 1

(i) Some of the Muslim political organisations in India were also lukewarm in their response to the Civil Disobedience Movement.

(i) Some of the Muslim political organisations in India were also lukewarm in their response to the Civil Disobedience Movement.

(ii) After the decline of the Non-cooperation and Khilafat Movements, a large section of Muslims felt alienated from the Congress.

(iii) The important differences were over the question of representation in the future assemblies that were to be elected.

(iv) Muhammad Ali Jinnah, one of the leaders of the Muslim League, was willing to give up the demand for separate electorates, if Muslims were assured reserved seats in the Central Assembly and representation in proportion to population in the Muslim- dominated provinces.

(v) Negotiations over the questions of resolving the issue at the All Parties Conference in 1928 disappeared when M.R. Jayakar of the Hindu Mahasabha strongly opposed efforts for compromise.

Answer 2

After the decline of the non cooperation movement and khlilafat movement, a large section of Muslims felt alienated form Congress because:

1. Association of Congress with Hindu Mahasabha : After the decline of the Non­Cooperation – Khilafat movement, a large section of Muslims felt alienated from the Congress. From the mid-1920s, the Congress came to be more visibly associated with openly Hindu religious nationalist groups like the Hindu Mahasabha.

2.Communal Clashes : As relations between the Hindus and the Muslims worsened, each community organised religious processions with militant fervour, provoking Hindu- Muslim communal clashes and riots in various cities. Every riot deepened the distance between the two communities.

3. Issue of demand for separate electorates: Some of the Muslim leaders demanded a separate electorate for the Muslims which was not supported by the Congress leaders.

4.status of Muslims in Hindu majority state : Many Muslim leaders and intellectuals expressed their concern about the status of Muslims as a minority within India. They feared that the culture and identity of minorities would be submerged under the domination of a Hindu majority.

4. Issue of reserved seats in the Central Assembly : Muslim League leader Muhammad Ali Jinnah demanded reservation of seats for the Muslims in the Central Assembly but this was not acceptable to the Congress leaders. So Muslims could not respond to the call for a united struggle.