Age of Industrialization
• What does the picture indicate on the famous book ‘Dawn of the century’?
• . Why were most of the producers reluctant to use new technology? Give any three reasons.
• Analyse the contribution of Dwarkanath Tagore in the field of industrial development.
• Advertisements played a part in expanding the markets for products and in shaping a new consumer culture.
• Why did the industrial production increase in India during the First World War?
• Why did technological changes occur slowly in Britain in early 19th century? Explain any three reasons. • Why were there frequent clashes between gomasthas and weavers in the villages?
• How did the First World War prove to be a boon to the Indian Industries? Explain.
Lifelines of National Economy
• Where and why is rail transport the most convenient means of transportation?
• Modern means of transport and communication serve as lifelines of our nation.” Justify this statement by giving supportive arguments.
• Why do the movement of goods and services form one place to another require fast and efficient means of transport? Explain with examples. • Write the characteristics of Super Highways, National Highways and State Highways.
• Today the world has become a “global village”. Justify this statement. • Write a note on the changing nature of international trade in the last fifteen years.
Outcomes of Democracy
• Why are non-democratic governments quick and efficient in decision-making and implementation? • What are the differences between democracy and dictatorship in the decision making process?
• “An ideal government would not only keep itself away from corruption but also make fighting corruption and black money a top priority”. Justify the statement
• Democracy accommodates social diversities.” Support the statement with examples.
• . Trace any two provisions of Indian government to eradicate caste inequalities.
• “How is democracy accountable and responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens? Analyse.
Globalisation of Indian economy
• Give one characteristic feature of a ‘Special Economic Zone’?
• Explain any three advantages of globalization.
• What is meant by “fair globalization’?
• Differentiate between investment and foreign investment.
• How do Multinational Companies manage to keep the cost of production of their goods low? Explain with examples
• A wide ranging choice of goods are available in the Indian markets.” Support the statement with examples in context of globalisation.
• How are local companies benefitted by collaborating with multinational companies? Explain with examples
• How has globalization been advantageous to both the producers as well as the consumers in India? Explain
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
The Industrial Age is a period of history that encompasses the changes in economic and social organization that began around 1760 in Great Britain and later in other countries, characterized chiefly by the replacement of hand tools with power-driven machines such as the power loom and the steam engine, and by the concentration of industry in large establishments.[1][2]
While it is commonly believed that the Industrial Age was supplanted by the Information Age in the late 20th century,[3] a view that has become common since the Revolutions of 1989, much of the Third World economy is still based on manufacturing. It is thus debatable whether civilisation has left the Industrial Age already or is still in it and in the process of reaching the Information Age.[4]
Contents
1 Origins
2 The Textile Industry
3 Steam engines
4 See also
5 References
Origins
Huge changes in agricultural methods made the Industrial Revolution possible. This agricultural revolution started with changes in farming in the Netherlands, later developed by the British.
The Industrial Age began in Great Britain in the mid 18th century and was fueled by coal mining from places such as Wales and County Durham.
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain because it had the factors of production, land (all natural resources), capital, and labor. Britain had plenty of harbors that enabled trade, Britain had access to capital, such as goods and money, for example, tools, machinery, equipment, and inventory. Britain, lastly, had an abundance of labor, or industrial workers in this case. There are many other conditions that help show why the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain. The British Isles and colonies overseas represented huge markets that created a large demand for British goods. Britain also had one of the largest spheres of influence due to its massive navy and merchant marine. The British government's concern for commercial interests was also important. The steam engine allowed for steamboats and the locomotives, which made transportation much faster. By the mid-19th century the Industrial Revolution had spread to Continental Europe and North America, and since then it has spread to most of the world.
The Textile Industry
The cotton industry was the first industry to go through mechanization, the use of automatic machinery to increase production. The domestic system sprouted as a result of when businesses began importing raw cotton, employing spinners and weavers to make it into cloth from their home. James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny, which could produce eight times as much thread as a single spinning wheel, and Richard Arkwright made it driven by water. Later Arkwright opened a spinning mill which marked the beginning of the factory system. In 1785, Edmund Cartwright invented a loom which was powered by water.
Steam engines
In 1712, Thomas Newcomen produced the first successful steam engine, and in 1769, James Watt patented the modern steam engine. As a result, steam replaced water as industry's major power source.
The steam engine allowed for steamboats and the locomotives, which made transportation much faster. By the mid-19th century the Industrial Revolution had spread to Continental Europe and North America, and since then it has spread to most of the world.
The Industrial Age is defined by mass production, broadcasting, the rise of the nation state, power, modern medicine and running water. The quality of human life has increased dramatically during the Industrial Age. Life expectancy today worldwide is more than twice as high as it was when the Industrial Revolution began.