agricultural practices in india context presentation
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Indian agriculture
1. INDIANAGRICULTURE
2. Definition• The science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals
3. INTRODUCTION• One of the strong sector of Indian economy.• Around 58 % population of India depends on Agriculture.• Average growth rate of agriculture and allied sector in 2006-07 & 2007-08 has been 4% per annum.• 140.7 million hectare area is available for sown.• Major agricultural products include rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea.
4. HISTORY• Indian agriculture began by 9000 BC as a result of early cultivation of plants.• Double monsoon leads two harvest in a year.• The Grow More Food Campaign (1940s) and the Integrated Production Program (1950s) focused on food and cash crops supply respectively.• In 1960s Green revolution took place. Agriculture production rose. Export increased at 10% in 1990s.
5. Indian Agriculture- Some Facts• India ranks second worldwide in farm output• Total Geographical Area - 328 million hectares• Net Area sown - 142 million hectares• Gross Cropped Area – 190.8 million hectares• Major Crop Production » Rice 94.1 million tones » Wheat 74.8 million tones » Coarse Cereals 36.1 million tones » Pulses 219.3 million tones » Oilseeds 340.3 million tones » Food Grains 27.2 million tones
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Sustainability of environment and food production is among the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century. Green revolution, however, achieved the targets of high food productivity, but at the cost of environmental degradation such as water pollution, soil contamination, climate change and biodiversity loss. Feeding the growing population and sustaining the quality of the environment are the two major challenges of Indian agriculture system. Traditional agricultural practices have been an integral part of food production in India since ages. These practices have the potential to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change with spatial and sequential diversity. This review covers three aspects of traditional farming of India: cultivation, biological method of pest management and locally available sustainable practices of crop protection. Double cropping, mixed cropping, crop rotation, agroforestry, use of local varieties and resources with host–pathogen interaction are some of the prominent traditional agricultural practices in India which have to be strengthened in view of the environment and food security. Such practices have a significant role in achieving the sustainability of agriculture by improving nutrition quality. The overall objective of this article is to highlight the potential of these practices for the sustainability of environment and food production.