Agrobacterium is a valuable tool in the field of Biotechnology. Discuss
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The ability of Agrobacterium to transfer genes to plants and fungi is used in biotechnology, in particular, genetic engineering for plant improvement. ... Plants are grown on media containing antibiotic following transformation, and those that do not have the T-DNA integrated into their genome will die.
Until the late 1970s the classification of different species of Agrobacterium was based on their phytopathogenic properties. The species capable of inducing crown galls on a large variety of dicotyledonous plants were called A. tumefaciens, those inducing hairy root disease A. rhizogenes, and the non-pathogenic strains A. radiobacter. Other Agrobacterium species were grouped by the fact that they had a very limited host range and induced plant tissue proliferation only in some plant species. This was the case with A. vitis, specific for grapevine, and A. rubi, rather specific for some Rubiaceae. Such a classification became clearly invalid from the taxonomy point of view when it was demonstrated that the phytopathogenicity or the host range was due to the presence of large plasmids (mega plasmids). In the case of A. tumefaciens these plasmids were called Ti plasmids, for A. rhizogenes the plasmids were called Ri plasmids. They are variant Ti plasmids. Curing of these plasmids converted the strain into a A. radiobacter. Conjugation into a radiobacter strain of a Ti or a Ri plasmid turned such strain into respectively a tumefaciens or a rhizogenes strain. The absence or presence of an extrachromosomal element cannot be a valid criterion for a taxonomic classification
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