agrobacterium mediated gene transfer method??....Need long ans pls..
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"Agrobacterium tumefaciens & Agrobacterium rhizogenes" are common gram-negative soil borne bacteria causing induction of ‘crown gall' and ‘hairy root' diseases. These bacteria naturally insert their genes into the genome of higher plants. The studies on crown gall formation revealed that the virulent strains of bacteria introduce a part of their genetic material into the infected cells where it gets integrated randomly with the genetic material of the host cell. The bacterial genes are able to replicate along with the plant genome and uses the machinery of plants to express their genes in terms of the synthesis of a special class of compounds, called opines, which the bacterium uses as nutrients for its growth but are useless to the host cells.
▶In the process, Agrobacterium causes plant tumors (gall formation) commonly seen near the junction of the root and the stem and is called ‘crown gall disease'. A. tumefaciens attracted to the wound site via chemotaxis, in response to chemicals (sugars & phenolic molecules) released from the damaged plant cells. The disease afflicts a great range of dicotyledonous plants, which constitute one of the major groups of flowering plants. Tumorous plant cells were found to contain DNA of bacterial origin integrated in their genome. Furthermore, the transferred DNA (named T-DNA ) was originally part of a small molecule of DNA located outside the chromosome of the bacterium. This DNA molecule was called Ti ( tumor-inducing ) plasmid.
▶In the process, Agrobacterium causes plant tumors (gall formation) commonly seen near the junction of the root and the stem and is called ‘crown gall disease'. A. tumefaciens attracted to the wound site via chemotaxis, in response to chemicals (sugars & phenolic molecules) released from the damaged plant cells. The disease afflicts a great range of dicotyledonous plants, which constitute one of the major groups of flowering plants. Tumorous plant cells were found to contain DNA of bacterial origin integrated in their genome. Furthermore, the transferred DNA (named T-DNA ) was originally part of a small molecule of DNA located outside the chromosome of the bacterium. This DNA molecule was called Ti ( tumor-inducing ) plasmid.
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Agrobaceryum can be used for delivering of gene construct in Plants for example, this method is widely used in the genetic studies of Arabidopsis thaliana .
for example, but also in other plant species.
Agrobacterium mediated transfer of T-DNA segment in plasmid after inserting foreign DNA into the T-DNA via cutting with same restriction enzyme. There is also gene gun electroporation conventional methods of gene transfer for any organisms without use of plasmids. For plants there is also protoplast culture whereby cell wall is removed to allow fusion of protoplast of 2 plant cells for gene transfer.
for example, but also in other plant species.
Agrobacterium mediated transfer of T-DNA segment in plasmid after inserting foreign DNA into the T-DNA via cutting with same restriction enzyme. There is also gene gun electroporation conventional methods of gene transfer for any organisms without use of plasmids. For plants there is also protoplast culture whereby cell wall is removed to allow fusion of protoplast of 2 plant cells for gene transfer.
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