aims and objectives of public transport to avoid pollution
Answers
Answer:
What planning objectives is the project intended to achieve? What impacts should be considered in economic analysis?
Transportation planning tends to have multiple objectives, which usually include:
Traffic congestion reductions
Parking cost savings
Consumer savings and affordability (savings to lower-income households)
Improved mobility for non-drivers
Improved safety
Energy conservation
Air, noise and water pollution reductions
Habitat protection
Support for local economic development
Improved public fitness and health (from increased walking and cycling)
Although a project may have one primary objective, such as reducing congestion or improving mobility for non-drivers, transportation agencies should generally try to maximize social benefits by selecting projects that help achieve multiple planning objectives. For example, when evaluating various congestion reduction options it is desirable to select those that also help reduce parking costs, improve mobility for non-drivers, and increase safety. Conversely, when evaluating transportation energy conservation strategies it is best to choose those that also reduce traffic and parking congestion.
As much as possible, all significant impacts (benefits and costs) should be considered in economic analysis. Many impacts can be quantified and monetized (measured in monetary values), using methods described in this website, and so can be incorporated into benefit-cost analysis. Others may be unsuited for monetization, but should still be described and quantified as much as possible (for example, by estimating the acres of wildlife habitat that will be impacted, or the number of non-drivers who will benefit from improved mobility options) so they can be effectively considered in the planning process.
Examples
Project: Straightening a curve in a road
Purpose: To reduce accidents
Unintended effects: Reduced travel time
Benefits: Reduced accidents and travel time
Project: New bus route
Purpose: To provide mobility for transit-dependent people
Unintended effects: Reduced automobile trips, bus noise on new route, people waiting at new bus stops
Benefits: Increased person-trips, reduced automobile congestion and noise, noise from buses (a negative benefit), effects on property adjacent to bus stops (these effects may or may not be significant and may be negative or positive -- people trampling a lawn and dropping trash or people patronizing an adjacent neighborhood store)
Project: Changeable message signs on a congested freeway providing travel time via an alternate route
Purposes: To reduce overall delay by encouraging alternate routes, to reduce travel time uncertainty
Unintended effects: Increased delay on alternate routes and connecting streets
Benefits: Reduced overall travel time on freeway, increased overall travel time on alternate routes and connecting streets (negative benefits).
Explanation:
do you follow me
Explanation:
we should energy conservation, traffic congestion reduction, improved safety etc