Question

aims or objective of climatic change and it's impact​

Answer 1

Answer:

To analyse and quantify how changes in the climate, such as temperature, precipitation and run-off, affect our potential to achieve the Environmental Objectives, which are influenced by long-range transport of air pollution

Answer 2

Answer:

Climate Change



A slice of our climate history pictured within a coral skeleton. Photo: Eric Matson

AIMS undertakes interdisciplinary research to provide managers and policymakers with the best available understanding of the vulnerability of coral reef ecosystems to climate change, ocean acidification and local environmental stressors. This knowledge helps guide management of ecosystem resilience.

Rapid, human-induced climate change is one of the greatest threats to the long-term future of coral reefs. Human activities are taking coral reefs out of their comfort zone where they have thrived for hundreds of thousands of years.

In combination with other natural and human-induced pressures, warming sea surface temperatures and ocean acidification increase the vulnerability of coral reefs to coral bleaching, coral diseases, crown-of-thorns starfish and tropical cyclones.

Impact on marine ecosystems

Australia’s tropical marine ecosystems, like the Great Barrier Reef, are already experiencing the consequences of climate change. AIMS research reveals that tropical sea surface temperatures have risen by 0.4–0.5 °C since the late 19th century.

Since the late 18th century, the oceans have also absorbed about 30 per cent of the extra carbon dioxide that human activities have injected into the atmosphere. The additional carbon dioxide in the oceans has changed their chemistry─in a process known as ocean acidification─with the pH of the global oceans decreasing from around 8.15 to around 8.05.

AIMS’s modelling and experimental studies show that increased acidity impairs the ability of corals and other calcifying organisms to build their calcium carbonate skeletons, which are the backbone of tropical coral reef ecosystems.

The resulting complex reef structures provide food and habitat for many thousands of reef-associated organisms, resulting in the incredible biodiversity of tropical coral reefs.

Climate change is predicted to affect tropical marine systems in the following ways:

Warmer sea surface temperatures will increase the risk of heat stress events and mass coral bleaching.

Tropical cyclones are likely to be more intense, resulting in physical destruction and weakening of the reef structure.

Extreme rainfall events will increase, with larger amounts of low-salinity freshwater and sediment extending further out from the coast.

Sea levels will gradually rise, affecting coastal erosion, the magnitude of storm surges and the area available for shallow water marine organisms.

Ocean circulation and upwelling patterns will change