air pollution of kaziranga national park ..
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Abstract: The work investigates the concentration of the pollutants PM 10, PM 2.5, SOx, and NOx from various
sources like automobiles, oil refinery etc in and around the Kaziranga National park. 3 sampling sites were
selected including 1 industrial(InT), 1 residential(TS) within the refinery & 1 roadside(BP) within the kaziranga
national park area. At each site all 4 pollutants were monitored twice a week and eight times in a month using
PM 2.5/10 sampler for particulates and High volume Sampler with gaseous attachment for SO2 and NO2 during
the year June 2013 to May 2014. The values of all these pollutants (particulates and gaseous) are observed to be
very much below according to National Ambient Air Quality Standards. However the area is mostly covered
with forest reserve.
Keywords: ambient air quality: SOx; Nox; PM10; PM2.5
1. Introduction:
Increased urbanization and industrialization, the rapid growth of population and transport services have altered
the air quality. Air pollution has now become a global problem. Most of the developing nations are affected by
atmospheric pollution not only in terms of human health[1] but also in terms of several other aspects like climate
change[2] and loss of bio-diversity[3]. Air-pollution is a major challenge to be addressed in 21st century.
Developing effective pollution mitigation strategies require a lot of information in terms of sources as well as
nature of pollutants. Such information can be obtained by continuous air pollution monitoring. Environment
impacts include intensification of the greenhouse effect, acid rain, poorer water quality, ground water
contamination, among others. The oil and gas industry may also contribute to biodiversity loss as well as to the
destruction of ecosystem that in some cases may be unique. Most potential environment impact related to oil
and gas industry activities, that they are major polluters, consuming large amount of energy and water,
producing large quantities of waste waters, releasing hazardous gases into the atmosphere and generating solid
waste that are difficult both to treat and to dispose of[4]. Among the harmful chemical compounds, coming from
burning fossil fuel in oil and gas industry puts into the atmosphere, are carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide
(CO), nitrogen dioxides (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and tiny solid particles-including lead from gasoline
additives-called particulates[5]. Around the globe level of air pollution is being estimated by active and or
passive monitoring. Active monitoring methods include sampling on the filter papers using high volume
sampler[6]. However, continuous air quality monitoring is a challenge in terms of technical difficulties related to
instrumentation and economic burden, particularly in the developing countries. To overcome such limitations,
passive monitoring is being considered as an alternative to active pollution monitoring.
Air pollution in India has increased rapidly because of intensive population growth, increase in the numbers of
vehicles, use of fuels with poor environmental performance, badly mentioned transportation systems, poor land
use pattern, industrialization, and above all, ineffective environmental regulations. In most of the Indian cities
with a million-plus population, air pollution levels exceed World Health Organization‟s (WHO) recommended
health standards[7]. In every city, the levels are getting worse because of rapid industrialization, growing
number of vehicles, energy consumption, and burning of wastes. Several cities face severe air pollution
problems, with annual average levels of total suspended particulates (TSP) at least three times as high as the
WHO standards. A study conducted by the World Bank indicates premature deaths of people in Delhi owing to
high levels of air pollution(CPCB,2003). Following is the table for Natio
The air pollution of kaziranga national park is very harmful for those animal species which exist there as the pollution can affect their lifestyle and can cause many bad effects too
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