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A minority group, by its original definition, refers to a group of the people whose practices, race, religion, ethnicity, or other characteristics are fewer in numbers than main groups of those classifications. However, in present-day sociology, a minority group refers to the category of people who experience relative disadvantage as compared to members of the dominant social group. Minority group membership is typically based on differences in an observable characteristics or practices, such as: ethnicity (ethnic minority), race (racial minorities), religion (religious minority), sexual orientation (sexual minorities), or disability. Utilizing the framework of intersectionality, it is important to recognize that the individual may simultaneously hold membership in multiple minority groups (e.g. both a racial and the religious minority).Likewise, individuals may also be part of the minority group in regard to some characteristics, but part of the dominant group in regard to others.
The term "minority group" often occurs within discourse of civil rights and collective rights, as members of minority groups are prone to the differential treatment in the countries and societies in which they live. Minority group members often face discrimination in many multiple areas of social life, including housing, employment, healthcare, and education, among others. While discrimination may be committed by the individuals, it may occur through structural inequalities, in which rights and opportunities are equally accessible to all. The language of minority rights is often not used to discuss laws designed to protect minority groups from discrimination and afford them equal social status to dominant group.
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