Albert Einstein scientist of science speech in school
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Albert Einstein (/ˈaɪnstaɪn/ EYEN-styne;[4] German: [ˈalbɛʁt ˈʔaɪnʃtaɪn] (About this soundlisten); 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist[5] who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics).[3][6]:274 His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science.[7][8] He is best known to the general public for his mass–energy equivalence formula {\displaystyle E=mc^{2}} E = mc^2, which has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation".[9] He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect",[10] a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory.
Albert Einstein
Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg
Einstein in 1921
Born
14 March 1879
Ulm, Kingdom of Württemberg, German Empire
Died
18 April 1955 (aged 76)
Princeton, New Jersey, United States
Residence
Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Austria (present-day Czech Republic), Belgium, United States
Citizenship
Subject of the Kingdom of Württemberg during the German Empire (1879–1896)[note 1]
Stateless (1896–1901)
Citizen of Switzerland (1901–1955)
Austrian subject of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1911–1912)
Subject of the Kingdom of Prussia during the German Empire (1914–1918)[note 1]
German citizen of the Free State of Prussia (Weimar Republic, 1918–1933)
Citizen of the United States (1940–1955)
Education
Federal polytechnic school (1896–1900; B.A., 1900)
University of Zurich (Ph.D., 1905)
Known for
General relativity
Special relativity
Photoelectric effect
E=mc2 (Mass–energy equivalence)
E=hf (Planck–Einstein relation)
Theory of Brownian motion
Einstein field equations
Bose–Einstein statistics
Bose–Einstein condensate
Gravitational wave
Cosmological constant
Unified field theory
EPR paradox
Ensemble interpretation
List of other concepts
Spouse(s)
Mileva Marić
(m. 1903; div. 1919)
Elsa Löwenthal
(m. 1919; died[1][2] 1936)
Children
"Lieserl" Einstein
Hans Albert Einstein
Eduard "Tete" Einstein
Awards
Barnard Medal (1920)
Nobel Prize in Physics (1921)
Matteucci Medal (1921)
ForMemRS (1921)[3]
Copley Medal (1925)[3]
Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1926)
Max Planck Medal (1929)
Member of the National Academy of Sciences (1942)
Time Person of the Century (1999)
Scientific career
Fields
Physics, philosophy
Institutions
Swiss Patent Office (Bern) (1902–1909)
University of Bern (1908–1909)
University of Zurich (1909–1911)
Charles University in Prague (1911–1912)
ETH Zurich (1912–1914)
Prussian Academy of Sciences (1914–1933)
Humboldt University of Berlin (1914–1933)
Kaiser Wilhelm Institute (director, 1917–1933)
German Physical Society (president, 1916–1918)
Leiden University (visits, 1920)
Institute for Advanced Study (1933–1955)
Caltech (visits, 1931–1933)
University of Oxford (visits, 1931–1933)
Thesis
Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen (A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions) (1905)
Doctoral advisor
Alfred Kleiner
Other academic advisors
Heinrich Friedrich Weber
Influences
Arthur Schopenhauer
Baruch Spinoza
Bernhard Riemann
David Hume
Ernst Mach
Hendrik Lorentz
Hermann Minkowski
Isaac Newton
James Clerk Maxwell
Michele Besso
Moritz Schlick
Thomas Young
Influenced
Virtually all modern