All about active and passive with all formulas and pronoun changing and with all examples.
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Answer:
Definition
Active and Passive Voices are the two ways of expressing an action taken by a subject on an object. Meaning of the sentence either in active or passive voice doesn’t change except few structural changes. Kindly go through the below example-
Active Voice- I draw a sketch.
Active Voice is the most direct and effective way to convey the information. It a simply starts with the Subject (in this case ‘I’who performs the action) followed by the Verb (action)-‘draw’ and then the Object (on whom the action is performed)-sketch. Active Voice is expressed in the simple form of – Subject + Action (Verb) + Object.
Now go through the Passive Voice of the above Active Voice statement.
Passive Voice- A sketch is drawn by me.
Passive Voice conveys the same message as in Active Voice, but it does it in an indirect way. In the Passive Voice the subject becomes “Passive” and the Object gets the prominence. Like in the above Passive Sentence the subject ‘me’ is being acted upon by the object.
The meaning of both of the above sentences remains same and they have only structural differences. It’s better to know the rules and Formulae for both Active and Passive Voices, by going through Examples and Exercises.
Structural Formula
For the purpose of deriving a Structural formula for Active and Passive voice, we will study one example sentence in both the voices, written below-
Active Voice- I write a letter.
Passive Voice- A letter is written by me.
First analyze the ‘Active Voice’ statement: “I write a letter” - ‘I’ is the subject, the verb is ‘write’ and the object is ‘letter’.
Therefore, the Structural Formula for Active Voice Statement can be written as- Subject + Verb + Object
Moving on to the Passive statement: “A letter is written by me” - we realize that the Object appears first followed by the Verb and Subject respectively. Therefore, the structural formula for Passive Voice can be given as- Object + Verb + Subject.
Some more Example Sentences of Active and Passive Voices:
ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE
I ride a horse A horse is ridden by me
I eat a pizza A pizza is eaten by me
He wrote a letter A letter was written by him
She wore a suit A suit was worn by her
They called the police The Police was called by them
How to Identify Active/Passive Voices
By knowing the order in which the Subject, Verb and Object are placed in a sentence, we can tell whether the sentence is Active or Passive. The rule for placement of subject, Verb and Object in both Active and Passive voice are given below.
Structural Formula For Active Voice-
Subject + Verb + Object
Structural Formula For Passive Voice-
Object + Verb + Subject
Therefore an Active Voice statement always begins with the Subject, followed by the verb and the Object respectively. On the contrary a Passive Voice statement begins with the Object, followed by the verb and then the Subject at last.
In the further explanations we will go through the rules of writing Active/Passive Voices and also converting Active Voice to Passive Voice and vice versa.
Rules/Charts for Different Tenses
Rules To Convert Active To Passive Voice and Vice Versa:
For changing a sentence from Active voice to Passive voice common Structural Changes are applied as explained above. The verb forms to be chosen for different Tenses are explained below with Examples-
1) Simple Present Tense
When an Active voice in simple Present Tense is converted into Passive Voice; the verb is changed into past participle form complemented with the Auxiliary Verbs – is, are, am.
TENSE ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE VERB FORM: First Form /Base Form VERB FORM: is/am/are + Past Participle (Third Form)
I write a letter A letter is written by me
She speaks French French is spoken by her
He does not drink coffee Coffee is not drunk by him
Does she play chess? Is chess played by her?
They leave me I am left by them
Pronouns I, she, he, they are changed to me, her, him and them respectively, while converting to Passive Voices.
Exercises with Answers
Identify whether the following sentences are Active or Passive and convert to other forms accordingly.
1) I stop the car.
2) He spread the cheese.
3) The pillow is squeezed by them.
4) Dogs are fed by her.
5) He starts the generator.
Answers-
1) The statement is in Active Voice
Passive Voice- The car is stopped by me.
2) The statement is in Active Voice
Passive Voice- The cheese is spread by me
3) The statement is in Passive Voice
Active Voice- They squeeze the pillow.
4) The statement is in Passive Voice
Active Voice- She feeds the dogs
5) Statement is in Active Voice
Passive Voice- The generator is started by
Answer:
A sentence is written in active voice when the subject of the sentence performs the action in the sentence. e.g. The girl was washing the dog. A sentence is written in passive voice when the subject of the sentence has an action done to it by someone or something else. e.g. The dog was being washed by the girl.
Explanation: