all notes of matter in our surroundings
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there are all kinds of matter in our surroundings!!
Anything that occupies space and has mass and is felt by senses is called matter.
According to indian ancient philosopher, matter is the form of five basic elements (the Panchtatva) – air , earth ,fire , sky and water.
Characteristics of particles of matter
Made of tiny particles.
Vacant spaces exist between particles.
Particles are in continuous motion.
Particles are held together by force's of attraction.
States of Matter
Basis of Classification of Types
Based upon particle arrangement
Based upon energy of particles
Based upon distance between particles
Five states of matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Bose-Einstein condensate
(I) SOLID
Fixed mass, volume and shape
Inter-particle distances are least.
Incompressible.
High density and do not diffuse
Inter particle forces of attraction are strongest.
Constituent particles are very closely packed.
(II) LIQUID
Not fixed shape but fixed volume and mass.
Inter particle distances are larger than solid.
Almost incompressible.
Density is lower than solids and can diffuse.
Inter particle forces of attraction are weaker than solids .
Constituent particles are less closely packed.
(III) GAS
Neither fixed shape nor fixed volume.
Inter particle distances are largest.
Highly compressible.
Density is least and diffuse.
Inter particle forces of attraction are weakest.
Constituent particles are free to move about.
Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Solids
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume because the particles are locked into place
Solids do not flow easily because the particles cannot move/slide past one another
Solids are not easily compressible because there is little free space between particles
Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Liquids
Liquids are not easily compressible and have a definite volume because there is little free space between particles.
Liquids flow easily because the particles can move/slide past one another.
Liquids flow easily because the particles can move/slide past one another.
Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Gases
Gases are easily compressible because there is a great deal of free space between particles
Gases flow very easily because the particles randomly move past one another.
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume because the particles can move past one another
thats all.
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