All of the following conditions may predispose to pulmonary embolism except?
Answers
Answer:
PULMONARY EMBOLISM
Most common cause of preventable hospital death.
RISK FACTORS:
More than 95% results from deep vein thrombosis.
Risk of blood clots increased by:
Cancer
Prolonged bed rest
Smoking
Stroke
Large veins of lower limb
Certain genetic conditions
Estrogen-based medication
Pregnancy
Obesity
After certain surgery
SYMPTOMS:
Most PE remains clinically silent.
Dyspnea
Pain
Haemoptysis
Tachypnea – Due to activation of juxtapulmonary-capillary receptors.
Chest pain – “Pleuritic” nature (worsened by breathing).
Cyanosis.
More severe signs:
Attributes to about 15% of all sudden death cases.
Collapse happens due to circulatory instability caused by decreased blood flow to lungs & left heart.
Saddle emboli:
Large emboli block pulmonary artery bifurcation area resulting in saddle emboli presentation.
Infarction:
Only 10%PEresults in infarction.
Infarction will be wedge-shaped hemorrhagic type.
DIAGNOSIS:
Computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiogram (Best method).
Ventilation-perfusion scan:
Gold standard.
Findings – Perfusion segmental defect with normal lung scan & radiography.
D-dimer test – Most sensitive test.
ECG findings:
Sinus tachycardia – Most frequent ECG finding in acute pulmonary embolism.
Pattern –
S1Q3T3 (Ie., Large S wave in lead I, Q wave in lead III, & inverted T wave in lead III).
Also referred as “McGinn-White Sign”.
Answer:
Anyone can get pulmonary embolism. The risk factors are: prolonged bed rest or inactivity, including long trip in a car or in a plane. using oral contraceptives