all rules in direct and indirect speech
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Direct Speech
In direct speech, we convey the message of the speaker in his own actual words without any change to another person.
Indirect Speech
In indirect speech, we convey the message of the speaker in our own words to another person.
Procedure of changing direct speech into indirect speech
Remove comma and inverted commas.Put "that" between the reporting and reported speeches.(it is optional to put "that" between the reporting and reported speech)Change the 1st letter of reported speech into small letter except for "I"Change the pronoun of the direct speech according to the rules described in table 2Change the tense of the direct speech appropriately according to rules described in table 3.Change the words expressing nearness in time or places of the direct speech into its appropriate words expressing distance as per table 1
Rules for changing Direct into Indirect Speech
The past tense is often used when it is uncertain if the statement is true or when we are reporting objectively.
When there are two sentences combined with the help of a conjunction and both sentences have got different tenses. then change the tenses of both sentences according to the rule.
Words expressing nearness in time or places are generally changed into words expressing distance.
In direct speech, we convey the message of the speaker in his own actual words without any change to another person.
Indirect Speech
In indirect speech, we convey the message of the speaker in our own words to another person.
Procedure of changing direct speech into indirect speech
Remove comma and inverted commas.Put "that" between the reporting and reported speeches.(it is optional to put "that" between the reporting and reported speech)Change the 1st letter of reported speech into small letter except for "I"Change the pronoun of the direct speech according to the rules described in table 2Change the tense of the direct speech appropriately according to rules described in table 3.Change the words expressing nearness in time or places of the direct speech into its appropriate words expressing distance as per table 1
Rules for changing Direct into Indirect Speech
The past tense is often used when it is uncertain if the statement is true or when we are reporting objectively.
When there are two sentences combined with the help of a conjunction and both sentences have got different tenses. then change the tenses of both sentences according to the rule.
Words expressing nearness in time or places are generally changed into words expressing distance.
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Rules for narration :-
1) Inverted commas and commas seperating the reported speech from the rest of the sentences should be removed.
2) A conjunction is used after the reporting verb.
In assertive sentence : that
In interrogative sentence(q1) : if or whether ; (q2) wh word
In exlamatory sentence : exclaimed
In imperative sentence : to
3) The tense of the speech is changed according to the tense of the reporting verb.
4) If the reporting verb is in present andfuture tense the tense of the reported speech remains unchanged.
5) some words are changed during conversion :-
This - that
Yesterday - the previous day
Today - that day
Hope this will helps you.....
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