All Rules of passive Voice with examples of class 9
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Answers
Use of Passive
Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.
Example: My bike was stolen.
In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it.
Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows:
Example: A mistake was made.
In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).
Form of Passive
Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs)
Example: A letter was written.
When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:
the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)
Examples of Passive Level 2
Tense Subject Verb Object
Simple Present Active: Rita writes a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by Rita.
Simple Past Active: Rita wrote a letter.
Passive: A letter was written by Rita.
Present Perfect Active: Rita has written a letter.
Passive: A letter has been written by Rita.
Future I Active: Rita will write a letter.
Passive: A letter will be written by Rita.
Hilfsverben Active: Rita can write a letter.
Passive: A letter can be written by Rita.
Examples of Passive Level 4
Tense Subject Verb Object
Present Progressive Active: Rita is writing a letter.
Passive: A letter is being written by Rita.
Past Progressive Active: Rita was writing a letter.
Passive: A letter was being written by Rita.
Past Perfect Active: Rita had written a letter.
Passive: A letter had been written by Rita.
Future II Active: Rita will have written a letter.
Passive: A letter will have been written by Rita.
Conditional I Active: Rita would write a letter.
Passive: A letter would be written by Rita.
Conditional II Active: Rita would have written a letter.
Passive: A letter would have been written by Rita.
Passive Sentences with Two Objects Level 3
Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on.
Subject Verb Object 1 Object 2
Active: Rita wrote a letter to me.
Passive: A letter was written to me by Rita.
Passive: I was written a letter by Rita.
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As you can see in the examples, adding by Rita does not sound very elegant. That’s why it is usually dropped.
Personal and Impersonal Passive
Personal Passive simply means that the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. So every verb that needs an object (transitive verb) can form a personal passive.
Example: They build houses. – Houses are built.
Verbs without an object (intransitive verb) normally cannot form a personal passive sentence (as there is no object that can become the subject of the passive sentence). If you want to use an intransitive verb in passive voice, you need an impersonal construction – therefore this passive is called Impersonal Passive.
Example: he says – it is said
Impersonal Passive is not as common in English as in some other languages (e.g. German, Latin). In English, Impersonal Passive is only possible with verbs of perception (e. g. say, think, know).
Example: They say that women live longer than men. – It is said that women live longer than men.
Although Impersonal Passive is possible here, Personal Passive is more common.
Example: They say that women live longer than men. – Women are said to live longer than men.
The subject of the subordinate clause (women) goes to the beginning of the sentence; the verb of perception is put into passive voice. The rest of the sentence is added using an infinitive construction with 'to' (certain auxiliary verbs and that are dropped).
Sometimes the term Personal Passive is used in English lessons if the indirect object of an active sentence is to become the subject of the passive sentence.
Present Simple Tense (passive Voice)
Am, is, are
Active voice:
He sells tomatoes.
He does not sell tomatoes.
Does he sell tomatoes?
Passive voice:
Tomatoes aresold by him.
Tomatoes are not sold by him.
Are tomatoes sold by him?
Present Continuous Tense (passive Voice)
am being, is being, are being
Active voice:
I am writing a book.
I am not writing a book.
Am I writing a book?
Passive voice:
A book is being written by me.
A book is not being written by me.
Is a book being written by me?
Present Perfect Tense (passive Voice)
has been, have been
Active voice:
She has done the job.
She has not done the job.
Has she done the job?
Passive voice:
The job has been done by her.
The job has not been done by her.
Has the job been done by her?
Past Simple Tense (passive Voice)
was, were
Active voice:
I liked Ice Cream.
I did not like Ice Cream.
Did I like Ice Cream?
Passive voice:
Ice Cream was liked by me.
Ice Cream wasn't liked by me.
Was Ice Cream liked by me?
Past Continuous Tense (Passive Voice)
was being, were being
Active voice:
He was riding a bike.
He was not riding a bike.
Was he riding a bike?
Passive voice:
A bike was being ridden by him?
A bike wasn't being ridden by him?
Was a bike being ridden by him?
Past Perfect Tense (Passive Voice
had been
Active voice:
They had completed the tasks.
They had not completed the tasks.
Had they completed the tasks.
Passive voice:
The tasks had been completed by them.
The tasks hadn't been complete by them.
Had the tasks been completed by them?
Future Simple Tense (Passive Voice)
will be
Active voice:
She will operated computer.
She will not operated computer.
Will she operate computer?
Passive voice:
Computer will be operated by her.
Computer will not be operated by her.
Will Computer be operated by her?
Future Perfect Tense (passive Voice)
will have been
Active voice:
You will have found the job.
You will haven't found the job.
Will you have found the job?
Passive voice:
The job will have been found by you.
The job won't have been found by you.
Will the job have been found by you?
Note: The following tenses cannot be changed into passive voice.
Present perfect progressive tenseThe past perfect continuous tenseThe future continuous tenseThe future perfect continuous tenseSentence having Intransitive verbs
see also
passive voice and active
Passive voice with modals
Passive voice for imperative sentences