All short ques ans of ch- 3 history class 8th.
Answers
1. What are Permanent settlement?
=> Permanent settmeans settlement on the permanent basis with the zamindarsm The new zamindars were declared the owners of land.
2. What was Ryotwari System?
=> Ryotwari System tye retorts were made the owners of land & paid land revenue to the British.
3. Write about any important peasant revolts.
=> Two important peasant revolts are:-
1. Champaran Satyagraha
2. Khida Peasant Struggle
4. How was the land revenue policy oppressive for the peasants.
=> The land revenue policy was oppressive for the peasants because of the following reasons:-
2. Britishers did not provide any facility to boost agriculture.
2.They want maximum income from land without earing much more about Indians interest of the cultivator.
Hope it helps you dear❣❣
2. Fill in the blanks:
(a) Growers of woad in Europe saw __________ as a crop which would provide competition to their earnings.
(b) The demand for indigo increased in late eighteenth-century Britain because of __________.
(c) The international demand for indigo was affected by the discovery of __________.
(d) The Champaran movement was against __________.
Answer:
(a) Growers of woad in Europe saw Indigo as a crop which would provide competition to their earnings.
(b) The demand for indigo increased in late-eighteenth-century Britain because of the expansion of cotton production that lead to an enormous demand for cloth dyes.
(c) The international demand for indigo was affected by the discovery of synthetic dyes.
(d) The Champaran movement was against indigo planters.
3. Describe the main features of the Permanent Settlement.
Answer:
The Permanent Settlement was a land revenue system introduced in 1793 by East India Company. By the terms of this settlement, the rajas and taluqdars were recognised as zamindars. They were asked to collect rent from the peasants and pay revenue to the Company. The main features of the Permanent Settlement system were:
The amount of the revenue was fixed permanently, that is, it was not to be increased ever in future.
Since the revenue demand of the state would not be increased, the zamindar would benefit from increased production from the land.
The revenue that had been fixed was so high that the zamindars found it difficult to pay. Those who failed to pay the revenue lost their zamindari.
Even when the income of the zamindars increased due to increased cultivation, there was no gain for the Company since it could not increase a revenue demand that had been fixed permanently
Exorbitant prices of land which zamindars had to pay to the company (which they failed.)
4. How was the mahalwari system different from the Permanent Settlement?
Answer:
Difference between Mahalwari System and Permanent Settlement was as follows:
Mahalwari System
Permanent Settlement
It was introduced by Holt Mackenzie in 1822
It was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793.
This system was mainly devised to collect revenue from the villages which were called 'Mahal'.
This system aimed at ensuring stable revenue for the East India Company.
The estimated revenue of each plot within a village was added up to calculate the revenue that each Mahal had to pay
The revenue was fixed that each zamindar had to pay to the company
The village headman was in charge of collecting the revenue.
The rajas and taluqdars were in charge of collecting revenue.
The revenue was to be revised periodically.
The revenue was fixed, that is, it was never to be increased in the future.
5. Give two problems which arose with the new Munro system of fixing revenue.
Answer:
Two problems which arose with the new Munro system of fixing revenue were:
The revenue demand was fixed too high that could not be met by the peasants.
Peasants being unable to pay the rent fled the countryside and the villages became deserted in many regions.
6. Why were ryots reluctant to grow indigo?
Answer:
The ryots were reluctant to grow indigo due to the following reasons:
They were paid very low-prices for it.
They found that they would never earn any profit from the indigo plantation.
The farmers were insisted to grow indigo on the fertile parts of their land by the planters, but they preferred growing rice on the best soils. This is because once indigo was cultivated, the fertility of the soil decreased. So, after an indigo harvest, the land could not be used for sowing rice.
7. What were the circumstances which led to the eventual collapse of indigo production in Bengal?
Answer:
The circumstances which led to the eventual collapse of indigo production in Bengal are mentioned below:
In March 1859 thousands of ryots in Bengal refused to grow indigo.
They started protesting as they thought that they had the support of village headmen in their rebellion.
The headmen who were forced to sign the contract fought battles with the agents of the indigo planters.
The zamindars also supported the farmers as they were unhappy with the increasing powers of the planters.
The indigo farmers also believed that the British government would support them in their rebellion against the planters because the government did not want another rebellion after the Revolt of 1857.
Following the protests, the Indigo Commission was constituted by the government which held the planters guilty of using coercive methods to deal with the indigo peasants and asked the planters to stop the cultivation.
This eventually led to the eventual collapse of indigo plantation in Bengal.