Question

Alluvial soil : Eastern coastal plains; Red soil: Odisha, Forest soil : Mountain
areas; Black soil :​

Answer 1

Answer:

Alluvial soil have been deposited by the Indus, the Ganges, and the Brahmaputra rivers. The entire northern plains (including parts of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar (Almost entirely), Chandigarh, Delhi (Almost entirely), Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal) are made of alluvial soil. These soil also extend in Rajasthan and Gujarat through a narrow corridor. It is also found in the eastern costal plains particularly in the deltas of Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna, and the Kaveri rivers.[1][2]

Alluvial soil as a whole are very fertile. Mostly these soils contain adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid and lime which are ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, wheat, and other cereal and pulse crops.[1]

Alluvial soil deposit

Black soil Black soil is typical of the Deccan trap (Basalt) region spread over northwests Deccan plateau and is made up of lava flows. They cover the plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh, and Chattishgarh and extend in the south-east direction along the Godavari and the Krishna valleys.[1][3][4][2]

Also known as regur soil, black soil is ideal for growing cotton and is known as black cotton soil. They are rich in soil nutrients, such as calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime. These soils are generally poor in phosphoric contents.[1]

The black soils are made up of clayey soil, well-known for their capacity to hold moisture. Because of their high clay content, black soils develop wide cracks during the dry season, but their iron-rich granular structure makes them resistant to wind and water erosion. They are poor in humus yet highly moisture-retentive, thus responding well to irrigation. Those soils are also found on many peripheral tracts where the underlying basalt has been shifted from its original location by fluvial processes. The sifting has only led to an increased concentration of clastic contents.[3]

Black regur soil in Buldhana, Maharashrta

Red and yellow soil Red soil develops on crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall in the eastern and southern parts of the Deccan plateau. Yellow and red soils are also found in parts of Odisha, Chhattisgarh, southern parts of the middle Ganga plain and along the Piedmont zone of the Western Ghats. Red and yellow soils develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks. It looks yellow when it occurs in a hydrated form.[1][2]  

Laterite soil Laterite soils are mainly found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, and the hilly areas of Odisha and Assam. After adopting appropriate soil conservation techniques particularly in the hilly areas of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, this soil is very useful for growing tea and coffee. Red laterite soils in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala are more suitable for crops like cashew nut.

The laterite soil develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall. This is the result of intense leaching due to heavy rain. Humus content of the soil is low because most of the microorganisms, particularly the decomposers, like bacteria, get destroyed due to high temperature. Laterite soils are suitable for cultivation with adequate doses of manure sand fertilizers.

Explanation:

Answer 2

Answer:

Black soil: Deccan Plateau

Explanation:

• Chernozem, commonly referred to as black soil, is a dark-colored soil with high levels of humus, phosphoric acids, phosphorus, and ammonia. Due to Chernozem's excellent moisture storage capacity and high fertility, it can produce large agricultural output.
• On the Deccan lava plateau and the Malwa Plateau, where there is moderate rainfall and underlying basaltic rock, black soils, which are derivatives of trap lava, are primarily found in interior Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh.
• Black dirt is also referred to as cotton soil, and it is also referred to as "Tropical Chernozems" globally. In India, this is the third-largest group. Rocks from Cretaceous lava were used to create this soil.

Thus the answer is Deccan Plateau.

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