Question

among the options given which is true regarding the position of the stars in comparison to their actual position and the reason behind it
a appear father starlight bends away from the normal
b appear father starlight bends towards the normal
c appear nearer starlight bends away from normal
d appear nearer starlight bends towards the normal​

Answer 1

d. appear nearer starlight bends towards the normal.

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• The twinkling of a star is due to to atmospheric refraction of starlight. The starlight, on entering the earth's atmosphere, undergoes refraction continuously before it reaches the earth . The atmospheric refraction occurs in a medium of gradually changing refractive index. Since the atmosphere bends the starlight towards the normal, the apparent position of the star is slightly different from its actual position. The star appears slightly higher ( above ) than its actual position when viewed near the horizon.

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Hope it helps you

Answer 2

Answer :

d) appear nearer starlight bends towards the normal​

Explanation :

• The true position of the star is bending towards normal. The incident rays of a star penetrate through the earth's atmosphere and reach the observer's eyes.
• As they transit from a rarer environment to a denser atmosphere, these incident rays bend back to normal. As a result, it looks to be coming from somewhere else, in this case the horizon.
• The apparent position of a star is constantly changing due to atmospheric refraction induced by the presence of the earth's atmosphere between the earth and the star.