An arobic bacterium decomposes the sludge
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The former produces large amount of excess activated sludge, while the latter drains out digested sludge. The sludge in both these processes mainly contains biomass, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and large amounts of water. The water content in sludge is generally more than 95%. EPS is an important material to combine the biomass and water into a matrix and is organized in a fine structure, which influences the properties of the biofilm. The purification of wastewater produces large amounts of sludge, estimated at between 5% and 25% of the total volume of treated water. The sludge generated from municipal waste treatment plants can be converted into useful fertilizers, but the sludge generated from industrial waste treatment plants is difficult to dispose as it contains large amounts of noxious chemical substances. Thus, any improvements in reducing the quantity of sludge by virtue of efficient dewatering are always beneficial to the overall wastewater treatment process. Ultrasonic irradiations can be effective in dewatering of suspensions, such as slurries and sludges. Changes of structure and properties of sludge influence the efficiency of the dewatering process. The efficacy of ultrasonic irradiations can be further increased by combining with chemicals, such as polyelectrolyte or alkali. The application of ultrasonic field results in changes of the inner structure of polyelectrolytes and these changes intensify the polyelectrolyte activity on sewage sludge. A critical ultrasonic power level exists above which the floc structure can be effectively disintegrated.
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