Question

An electric dipole of moment p placed in a uniform electric field e has minimum potential energy when the angle between p and e i

Answer 1

Potential energy (U)= -pe cos angle

Minimun U= -pe cos angle

= -pe cos (0)

= -pe

Therefore required angle= 0°

Answer 2

When the angle between P and E is 0, then the potential energy of an electric dipole is minimum i.e. (-PE).

Explanation:

The potential energy of an electric dipole of moment p placed in a uniform electric field is given by :

$U=-P{\cdot} E\cos \theta$

P is electric dipole of moment

E is electric field

If the angle between dipole moment and the electric field is 0 degrees, then the potential energy of an electric dipole is given by :

$U=-P{\cdot} E\cos (0)\\\\U=-PE$

So, when the angle between P and E is 0, then the potential energy of an electric dipole is minimum i.e. (-PE).

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Potential energy of an electric dipole

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