Question

An enzyme has a sedimentation coefficient of 3.5 S. When a substrate molecule is bound into the active site of the enzyme, the sedimentation coefficient decreases to 3.0 S.
Explain this change.

Answer 1

Explanation:

The sedimentation coefficient (s) of a particle characterizes its sedimentation during centrifugation. It is defined as the ratio of a particle's sedimentation velocity to the applied acceleration causing the sedimentation.

{\displaystyle s={\frac {v_{t}}{a}}}s={\frac {v_{t}}{a}}

The sedimentation speed {\displaystyle v_{t}}v_{t} (in m/s) is also the terminal velocity

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Answer 2

A particle's centrifugal sedimentation is determined by its sedimentation coefficient.

Sedimentation coefficient:

• For sedimentation coefficients, a Svedberg unit, often known as svedberg, is a non-SI metric unit.
• Based on the rate of sedimentation of a particle under acceleration, the Svedberg unit provides an indirect measurement of a particle's size (i.e. how fast a particle of given size and shape settles to the bottom of a solution).
• The svedberg unit of time is used to express the sedimentation coefficient.
• A particle's sedimentation rate is normalized to its applied acceleration by the sedimentation coefficient.

Factors affecting Sedimentation coefficient:

• Larger, heavier particles tend to sediment more quickly and have higher svedberg, or s, values because, for a given form, m is proportional to the size of the third power.
• However, sedimentation coefficients are not additive.
• The shapes of the two bound particles will differ from those of the separate particles.

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