An experiment to find the boiling point of liquid butane?
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Explanation:
Boiling point determination of acetone and ethanolExpand
The temperature at which a pure organic substance changes from the liquid phase to the gas phase is known as the boiling point. A liquid's boiling point can be determined using the capillary method, where an inverted capillary is placed in the liquid of interest and the liquid is heated. As the temperature increases, the air in the capillary escapes and is replaced by the vapor of the liquid. The vapor pressure in the capillary increases with temperature. Once it exceeds the atmospheric pressure, the vapor escapes the capillary in a stream of bubbles. When the heat is removed, the liquid cools, and the vapor pressure in the capillary decreases. When the vapor pressure reaches the atmospheric pressure, the liquid begins to fill the capillary. The temperature at which this occurs is the boiling point.
Put on a lab coat, splash-proof safety glasses, and nitrile gloves. This experiment must be conducted in a hood.
Attach a small test tube to the thermometer using a rubber band, and secure the thermometer in the clamp.
Obtain acetone and bring it back to your hood. Using your glass pipette and a bulb, measure 1 mL of acetone and transfer it into the small test tube.
Align the thermometer end so that it is level with the acetone in the test tube, keeping them close to each other. Invert a capillary tube and place it in the test tube so that the open end is facing downwards.
Use a 250-mL beaker to create a water bath. Add approximately 180 mL of water to the beaker, and place it on the hotplate.
Lower the thermometer and test tube into the water bath. Turn on the hotplate to the lowest setting, about 30°C.
Slowly increase the temperature on the hotplate by 10 – 20°C every 10 min, and closely observe the liquid in the test tube. When you start to see occasional bubbles in the liquid, increase the heat setting by only 5°C every 10 min.
Closely observe the capillary tube inside the test tube. Report the temperature at which a rapid and continuous stream of bubbles comes out of the capillary.
Table 1: Boiling point of acetone and ethanol
Boiling point temperature (°C)
Bubbles Liquid in capillary
Acetone
Ethanol Click Here to download Table 1
Turn off the heat and allow the water bath to cool. Keep observing the capillary as the production of bubbles decreases until no bubbles emerge from the capillary. The liquid will start to rise in the capillary. Record the temperature at which this occurs.
Label a clean 25-mL beaker as ‘organic waste’. Once the water bath has cooled to about 35°C, remove the thermometer and test tube from the bath. Detach the test tube from the thermometer and pour the acetone into the waste beaker.
Use a clean test tube and capillary and repeat the experiment using 1 mL of ethanol.
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