An organic compound contains the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
from chemical analysis, if C=38.71 % and H=9.67 % in that compound , state the quantitative formula of that compound.
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Chemistry
Grade 11
Empirical Formulae
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An organic compound contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Its elemental analysis gave C = 38.71% and H, 9.67% and 0 = 51.62%. The empirical formula of the compound would be:
A. CHO
B. CH4O
C. CH3O
D. CH2O
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Hint: Empirical formula gives the lowest value of ration of the elements present in a molecule. But from this formula the actual number of the elements present in the molecule cannot be defined. Chemical formula is a way to write a substance using the chemical symbol and number subscripts to mention the number of the atoms into that chemical compound.
Complete step by step solution:
To calculate empirical formula from a given percentage of the constitutional atoms ,there are some steps to follow.
(i) At first the compound is 100 gram in weight . Therefore, this percentage will be masses of those constitutional atoms of the molecule.
(ii) Now change those masses into moles by dividing with their molar masses.
(iii) After this, calculate the lowest ratio of those constitutional atoms in that molecule. By dividing each number of moles value with the lowest number to get an integer value.
(iv) Write the empirical formula using that ration of constitutional atoms of the molecule.
Now, given the percentages in the question as follows,
C = 38.71% , H= 9.67% and 0 = 51.62%
Now when the weight of a molecule is 100 grams the masses of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen are, 38.71 grams, H= 9.67 grams and 0 = 51.62 grams.
Now their number of moles are,
C = 38.7112C=3.22
H=9.671 =9.67
O=51.6216O=3.22
Now ,the lowest ratio constitutional atoms of the molecule. Is
C:H:O⇒3.22:9.67:3.22⇒3.223.22:9.673.22:3.223.22⇒1:2:1
The empirical formula is, CH2O
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