an outlook of women status in manipur and nagaland
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Explanation:
The Tangkhul Nagas of Manipur’s Ukhrul district are a remarkable tribe of polyglots. In Tangkhul country, the local language fades into a new dialect every 20kms, adding up to over a hundred Tangkhul dialects, many of which are practically different languages from each other. To overcome this, the Tangkhuls have decided on one common language, using which tribesmen from different villages in Ukhrul communicate with each other. Then, of course, there’s ‘Manipuri,’ which different tribes of Manipur use to communicate with each other. Once headhunters, the Tangkhuls are now among the Manipuri tribes with the highest literacy rates, so most young Tangkhuls also speak English. Many of them, especially the traders, also choose to learn Hindi, a useful language for business.
A Tangkhul weaver in Ukhrul
Not only do the Tangkhuls—who occupy Manipur’s Ukhrul district on the Indo-Burmese border, and even parts of Myanmar and beyond—have no common native language as a tribe, until recently they didn’t even have a script for any of their individual dialects; and yet they managed to maintain their identity as ‘one tribe’ for centuries. They never needed the written word, because their real ‘script’ was in their folk songs, dances, wood carvings, crafts and handmade textiles; and their ‘language’ of choice has always been music. The Khangahon, for instance—an impressive form of vocal music sung in groups to the Pheizak dance, while planting or harvesting paddy—doesn’t even contain words or lyrics; just humming and exhaling in rhythmic, choir-like acapella style, by both men and women in sequence. The Tangkhuls also believe that singing deliberate hums in groups while exhaling gives you more energy to do physical work. While the performance is certainly melodious—there’s a formal method and protocol to even this melodious social humming—from the tone of each singer’s hum, you can tell whether they’re old or young, married or available, etc… an indigenous form of ‘status update,’ without using silly gadgets!
Ykhrul is surrounded by forest-covered hilly terrain
For the adventurous travellers who make it to Ukhrul’s difficult hilly terrain and wonder how the Tangkhuls are so friendly and welcoming…it’s because their ancestors taught them the language of the heart.
SHIHAI
A collection of tribal wood carvings and artifacts
In this picturesque village, head straight for the residence of Mr K Rinkahao, an amazingly hospitable Tangkhul Naga farmer who has single-handedly put together an elaborate museum of his tribe’s wood carvings and artifacts (including skulls and skeletons from the head-hunting days) at his house, without any government or institutional assistance. Also meet Kaileija Khangra, a lovable old woman, who is among the last surviving Tangkhuls to have been inked with the traditional facial tattoo as a teenager. The tattooing ritual ended in 1923 with the arrival of Christianity, making her at least 110 years old!