Analyse the factors that led to the downfall of the vijayanagar empire
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
The battle of Talikota was another major reason for decline of empire in which Vijayanagara Emperor's forces were routed by the combined armies of Bijapur, Alimadnagar and Golconda. The victorious armies sacked the city of Vijayanagara. The city was totally abandoned within a few years.
Explanation:
There were multiple factors that led to the decline and fall of the great Vijayanagara Empire, also known as the Karnata Empire. The conflicts over the succession of the throne afterdied, the unity of the Deccan Sultanates, the critical mistakes made by , the Vijayanagara Defeat at the Battle of Talikota, the sacking and destruction of , and the rebellious provincial governors/Nayakas all contributed to the decline of the Vijayanagara Empire. I’ll elaborate on each of the causes below, but it is important to recognize that while the Battle of Talikota was a major reason for the decline of the Vijayanagara Empire, it was not the only major cause of the decline.
Conflicts over the succession of the throne after Krishnadevaraya died
After the death of Maharaja Sri Krishnadevaraya in 1529 CE (before the Battle of Talikota), a succession conflict arose between , Rama Raya, and to an extent with a certain Tirumala. Achyuta Deva Raya would end up succeeding Krishnadevaraya by giving a share of governmental control and influence to Rama Raya. This contributed to Rama Raya becoming very influential during Achyuta’s reign, and Rama Raya actually led a coup to depose Achyuta Deva Raya. Rama Raya actually imprisoned Achyuta Raya, and he eventually installed a young- as the monarch and himself as Regent. Rama Raya was very autocratic during Sadasiva’s reign. In the 1550s, when Sadasiva attempted to rule by himself, Rama Raya had him imprisoned and only allowed him to be seen at an annual public event. In 1562, Rama Raya even discontinued that. During this period, Rama Raya was basically the ruler, despite Sadasiva holding the title.
This is a rudimentary understanding of the political turmoil that Vijayanagara was in falling the death of Krishnadevaraya. Political turmoil is detrimental to any country’s strength, so this political turmoil over the succession of the throne contributed to the decline of the Vijayanagara Empire.
The Unity of the Deccan Sultanates
The Vijayanagara Empire’s long-standing foreign policy goal was to prevent the unification or alliance of the Deccan Sultanates. Individually, the Deccan Sultanates were defeated time and time again by the Vijayanagara Empire, as evidenced by the astounding victory of the Vijayanagara Empire at the against the Bijapur Sultanate. However, they obviously would pose a greater danger to the Vijayanagara Empire if they were united.
This critical foreign policy goal was essentially thrown out the window due to the impact of Rama Raya’s actions. Rama Raya was relentless in his meddling in the military affairs of the Deccan Sultanates. Specifically, he had a tendency to frequently change who he would assist militarily when the Deccan Sultanates fought with each other. This caused heavy animosity to build up against the Vijayanagara Empire by all the Deccan Sultanates. Moreover, Rama Raya was ruthless in his attacks on the and his domain, including violating prior peace treaties to attack them. He also reportedly insulted the Bijapur Ambassador before the Battle of Talikota. All of this obviously made Adil Shah furious, and he sought alliances with the of Golconda and Due to Rama Raya frequently changing alliances, meddling with their military affairs, and also the attacks and insults to Adil Shah, the Deccan Sultanates agreed to form a united front against the Vijayanagara Empire.
Mistakes made by Rama Raya
Rama Raya, though he fought bravely to the end despite his old age, made many critical mistakes because he had a dismissive attitude towards the Deccan Sultanates. As the individual Deccan Sultanates lost many critical battles to the Vijayanagara Empire, Rama Raya was over-confident, which led him to make critical tactical mistakes. Another major mistake was his appointment of the Gilani Brothers.
Though Rama Raya did send an army force with his youngest brother, , to counter the movements of the Deccan Sultanates at the Krishna River, the Vijayanagara Army put up little resistance when the Deccan Sultanates crossed the Krishna River, and he didn’t immediately attack them when they finished crossing, which allowed the armies of the Deccan Sultanates to regroup and prepare for attack. This failure to attack is possibly because of the secret maneuvring on the part of the Deccan Sultanates. Moreover, his appointment of the Gilani Brothers - who served as commanders for the Adil Shah beforehand - as generals in the Vijayanagara Army was another detrimental mistake. With thousands of soldiers under their command, their betrayal during the battle not only came as a shock to Rama Raya and the Vijayanagara Army but several historians, such as Dr. Suryanatha Kamat and Nilkantha Shastri, believe it played a major role in the defeat of the Vijayanagara Army at the Battle of Talikota.
The Vijayanagara Defeat at the Battle of Talikota