) Analyse the measures and practices introduced by the French
Revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity amongst the
French people.
Answers
Answer:
The measures introduced by the French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people were: They introduced the ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen) that emphasised on the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution.
Answer:
“Like Germany, Italy too had a long history of political fragmentation”. Explain.
(i) Italians were scattered over several dynastic states
(ii) Sardinia-Piedmont was ruled by an Italian princely house.
(iii) Italy was unified in 1861 and Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed King of United Italy.
(iv) Giuseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a programme for a unitary Italian Republic.
(v) The unification of Italy was a result of many wars. Through a tactful diplomatic alliance with
France by Chief Minister Cavour.
(vi) Garibaldi joined the fray.
TO BE EVALUATED AS A WHOLE
Explanation: