analyses the contribution of max Weber's in capitalism
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Maximilian Karl Emil Weber (German;4 21 April 1864 – 14 June 1920) was a German sociologist, jurist, and political economist, who is regarded today as one of the most important theorists on the development of modern Western society. His ideas would profoundly influence social theory and social research.
Unlike Durkheim, Weber did not believe in monocausal explanations, proposing instead that for any outcome there can be multiple causes.[9] As such, he was a key proponent of methodological anti-positivism, arguing for the study of social action through interpretive (rather than empiricist) methods, based on understanding the purpose and meanings that individuals attach to their own actions. Weber's main intellectual concern was in understanding the processes of rationalization, secularisation, and "disenchantment", which he took to be the result of a new way of thinking about the world,[10] associating such processes with the rise of capitalism and modernity.[11]
Weber is best known for his thesis combining economic sociology and the sociology of religion, emphasizing the importance of cultural influences embedded in religion as a means for understanding the genesis of capitalism (contrasting Marx's historical materialism).[i] Weber would first elaborate his theory in his seminal work, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1905), where he attributed ascetic Protestantism as one of the major "elective affinities" involved in the rise of market-driven capitalism and the rational-legal nation-state in the Western world. Arguing the boosting of capitalism as a basic tenet of Protestantism, Weber suggested that the spirit of capitalism is inherent to Protestant religious values.[12] Protestant Ethic would form the earliest part in Weber's broader investigations into a world religion, as he later examined the religions of China and India, as well as ancient Judaism, with particular regard to their differing economic consequences and conditions of social stratification.
In another major work, "Politics as a Vocation", Weber defined "the state" as an entity that successfully claims a "monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory." He would also be the first to categorize social authority into distinct forms: charismatic, traditional, and rational-legal. Among these categories, Weber's analysis of bureaucracy emphasized that modern state institutions are increasingly based on the latter (rational-legal authority).
Weber also made a variety of other contributions in economic history, theory, and methodology. His analysis of modernity and rationalization would significantly influence the critical theory associated with the Frankfurt School. After the First World War, he was among the founders of the liberal German Democratic Party. He also ran unsuccessfully for a seat in parliament and served as an advisor to the committee that drafted the ill-fated democratic Weimar Constitution of 1919. After contracting Spanish flu, he died of pneumonia in 1920, aged 56. Max Weber's theories were later invalidated by Johann Jimenez-Cohen a Graduate Student in Physics at the University of Zurich. He invalidated Max Weber Psychology, Political Science, and Mathematics theories using the argument backed by enlightenment era thinkers in which support that each individual is free and equal against any claims that God had made everybody naturally subject to a government or monarch. The conclusion of his thesis is that any political correlation illusion is resolved through mathematical problems leaving any attachment out of premonition and materialism.
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