Question

Analyze the reasons for the rise and growth of regional movement in India

Answer 1

The farmers' movement was, in American political history, the general name for a movement between 1867 and 1896. In this movement, there were three periods, popularly known as the Grange, Alliance and Populist movements

Answer 2

Reasons behind the birth of Regionalism in India

1. Language

It is an important factor of integrating people and emotional attachments are developed, consequently, the demand of linguistic states started. Although, the intensity of the demand of linguistic states has been decreased now, yet the regional conflicts keep rising in the interest of language. Therefore, the problem of determining the national language of India has been an issue for a long time.

The movement for linguistic states: Before Independence- Orissa Province became the first Indian state (pre-independence) organized on a linguistic basis due to the effort of Madhusudan Das who is considered as the Father of Oriya nationalism. Post-independence, the first state created on a linguistic basis was Andhra in 1953, created out of the Telugu-speaking northern parts of Madras State.

2. Religion

It is also one of the major factors of the regionalism. For Example: The demand of three autonomous states in Jammu & Kashmir is based on religion. The bases for their demands are- Kashmir for Muslim dominated, Jammu for Hindu dominated and laddakh for Buddhism dominated region.

3. Regional Culture

In Indian context the historical or regional culture considered the prime components of regionalism. The historical and cultural components interpret regionalism by way of cultural heritage, folklore, myths, symbolism and historical traditions. The North-east states were created on the basis of cultural aspect. Besides the economic issues, the regional culture played significant role in the formation of Jharkhand as a state (Formation Day: 15 November 2000).

Regional Distribution of Tribes in India

4. Economic Backwardness

It is also major factors for the regionalism in India because the uneven pattern of socioeconomic develop­ment has created regional disparities. The categorization and sub-categorization of the states on the basis of socioeconomic indicators have generated resentment against the central leadership. For Example: Under Gadgil Formula (amended), the states like  Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand are given special status and received 90% Central Financial Assistance. On the other hand, backward state likes Bihar getting only 30% waiver. Under the planned development, the differences between agriculture, industry and other infrastructural development encourage the regionalism.

5. Rise of Political Parties

The elitist character of leadership and unwarranted intervention by the centre in the affairs of the state has rendered the state vulnerable to regional forces. Sometimes, regional parties ignore the national interests and promote the regional interest only. Sometimes the regionalism helps to safeguard the minority interests. The Jharkhand Mukti Morcha, the TYC etc. belong to this category of the regional political parties.

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