Ancient history of the Indian subcontinent first phase c 7000-1500 bc
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Ancient history of the Indian subcontinent first phase c 7000-1500 bc
This carefully crafted study presents the fascinating story of the development and establishment of India's culture and civilization from early pre-history through to the early second millennium. Encompassing topics such as the Harappan Civilization, the rise of Hindu culture, the influx of Islam in the eighth and the eleventh/twelfth centuries and key empires, states and dynasties, India: The Ancient Past engages with methodological and controversial issues. Key features of this illustrated guide include: A range of maps illustrating different temporal and geographical regions. Selected source extracts at the end of each chapter, for review and reflection. Questions for discussion. This book provides comprehensive coverage of the political, spiritual, cultural and geographical history of India, making it an enriching read for anyone with an interest in this captivating period of history.The portrayal of Muslim rulers was opposite to the representation of Hindus and Muslim rulers were presented as compassionate, caring and generous as the focus of the welfare projects and public works was the welfare of everyone in their kingdom; be it the digging of public wells or construction of roads and inns for poor travelers; starting schools and places of learning (schools and madrasa) including awarding scholarships to pupils, teachers and scholars from poor and disadvantaged families and communities by providing them financial resources and scholarships (KPKTB, 2017a(KPKTB, , 2017bPCTB, 2017aPCTB, , 2017cand STB, 2017a;STB, 2017b). Avari (2007); and Bose and Jalal (2017) were "Aryans, Greeks, Scythians, Parthians, Shakas and Huns before the eighth century, as well as Arabs, Persians, Turks, Afghans and Mongols between the eighth and the twelfth centuries" (Bose & Jalal, 2017, p. 22). The textbook analysis revealed the selected choice of invaders and conquerors as the writers focused only on Muslims (KPKTB, 2017a(KPKTB, , 2017bPCTB, 2017aPCTB, , 2017cand STB, 2017a;STB, 2017b) and the writers chose not to inform pupils about the contribution of Hindu rulers and Hindu kingdoms in the development of the Indian subcontinent.
The conversion of Hindus to Islam was due to the superior message of Islam and not because of the cruel and crushing taxation system imposed by Muslim rulers on the vanquished people. The imposition of Islamic tax was the one of main reason of conversion of Hindus in large numbers to Islam (Avari, 2007;Bose & Jalal, 2017;Thapar, 2015) as they could not afford to pay such a heavy tax and the only way to avoid this tax was their conversion to Islam. The writers compared the Muslims invaders with the local (Hindu) rulers and presented the former using the positive representation strategy while the latter was described using the negative representation strategy, just the opposite of the former (see Table 3). The scholars (Avari, 2007(Avari, , 2013Bose & Jalal, 2017) identified "Aryans, Greeks, Scythians, Parthians, Shakas and Huns before the eighth century, as well as Arabs, Persians, Turks, Afghans and Mongols between the eighth and the twelfth centuries" (Bose & Jalal, 2017, p. 22) invading the Indian subcontinent. The analysis of textbooks revealed that textbook writers chose only a few of them and made them part of history textbooks such as Aryans, Greeks, Muslims from Persia, and Central Asia.