ancient india has made important contributions in the field of architecture
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The architecture of India is rooted in its history, culture and religion. Among a number of architectural styles and traditions, the contrasting Hindu temple architecture and Indo-Islamic architecture are the best known historical styles. Both of these, but especially the former, have a number of regional styles within them. An early example of town planning was the Harappan architecture of the Indus Valley Civilisation, whose people lived in cities with baked brick houses, streets in a grid layout, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, granaries, citadels, and some non-residential buildings. Much other early Indian architecture was in wood, which has not survived.
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Ancient Indian architecture ranges from Indian Bronze Age at around 800 CE. By this endpoint Buddhism in India had a great declined, and Hinduism was predominant, and the religious and secular building styles had taken on forms, with great regional variation, which they largely retain even after forceful changes brought about by arrival of first Islam, and then Europeans.
Much early Indian architecture was in wood, which almost always decayed or burnt, or brick, which often been taken away for re-use. The large amount of the Indian rock-cut architecture, essentially beginning around 250 BCE, is therefore especially important, as much of it were clearly adapts forms from contemporary constructed buildings of which no examples remain. There were are also a number of important sites where the floor-plan has survived to be excavated, but upper parts of structures have vanished.
In the Bronze Age, first cities emerged in Indus Valley civilization. The urbanization in the Gangetic plains began as early as 1200 BC with emergence of fortified cities and appearance of Northern Black Polished Ware. Mahajanapada period was characterized by Indian coins and use of stone in Indian architecture. The Mauryan period is considered as beginning of the classical period of Indian architecture. Nagara and Dravidian architectural styles developed in early medieval period with rise of Hindu revivalism and predominant role of Hindu temple architecture in Indian Subcontinent.
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